HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN (HLA)

Genetic variations

___ in MHC proteins influence the ability to react to specific antigens.

closely matched

Transplants last longer if the HLAs from the recipient and the donor are ____

alloantigens

During transplantation, we are exposed to cells of other individuals which are recognized as ___

graft rejection

Testing for MHC antigens is crucial before tissue transplant procedures to prevent ___.

molecular testing methods

Transitioning from serological to ____ for MHC antigens due to higher accuracy.

PLATELET TRANSFUSION

Given in patients with thrombocytopenia (Plt Concentrate)

alloantibodies

Platelets can be ___

antibodies to class I HLA antigens

Although the poor response to platelet transfusion is multifactorial, ____ are the primary cause of immune-mediated platelet transfusion refractoriness

cytoplasmic

As ___ fragments, platelets contain HLAS

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

Presence of HLA B-27 (Class I) gives increased chance of inflammation of the cartilage in the spinal column, causing fusion of the bones

HLA B-27 (Class I)

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS HLA?

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

Loss of flexibility and fragile bones

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

Has the highest disease association to an HLA marker

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

100-fold risk in the presence of the HLA

HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS

Presence of antibodies that destroy the thyroid gland

HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS

HLA DR-5

HLA DR-5

HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS HLA?

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Antibodies against the cartilage of the joints are present

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

HLA DR-4

HLA DR-4

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS HLA?

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Affects myelin sheath of the nerve due to the presence of autoantibodies

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Transfer of impulses from one nerve to another is impaired

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Neurological symptoms

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

HLA DR-2

HLA DR-2

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS HLA?

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

Antibodies attack the Acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

Muscle weakness

HLA DR-3

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS HLA?

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)

A multi-organ autoimmune disorder autoimmune disorders in the body

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)

Autoantibodies attack own self, causing systemic complications

HLA DR-3

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) HLA?

TYPE I DIABETES

Antibodies attack the beta cells of the pancreas which secrete insulin

1. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

2. Type I Diabetes

3. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Autoimmune disorders:

HLA DR-3

TYPE I DIABETES HLA?

1. Myasthenia Gravis

2. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

3. Type I Diabetes

HLA DR-3 DISEASES: