cell adhesion and juxtacrine signaling

[blank] junctions, AKA tight junctions, seal the gap between epithelial cells

occluding

[blank] junctions can either be adherens junctions or desmosomes, and connect filament bundles between cells

anchoring

adherens junctions connect [blank] filament bundles between cells

actin

desmosomes connect [blank] filament bundles between cells

intermediate

channel forming junctions allow the passage of small water [blank] molecules from cell to cell

soluble

cell matrix anchoring junctions either involve actin-linked or [blank] anchors

hemidesmosome

occluding junctions maintain cell [blank] are consist of claudins, occludins, JAMs, and ZO1

polarity

anchoring junctions do not block movement of [blank] and small molecules/ions unlike tight junctions

water

adherens junctions require E-cadherins and desmosomes require desmocollin and desmogleins, which are all part of the [blank] family

cadherins

interaction of cadherins with β -catenin may regulate availability of β -catenin for [blank] regulation

transcriptional

[blank] are highly expressed in nervous tissue and interact with gap junctions/pannexins

protocadherins

[blank] binding increases rigidity of extracellular domain, increase trans-binding to cadherin homodimers on adjacent cells

Ca2+

adherens junctions can form adhesion belts known as [blank] adherens

zonula

cadherin expression facilitates [blanking] of cells and is also involved with cell migration and signaling

sorting

cadherins are [blank] proteins that form homo-multimers between adjacent cells at adherens junctions

transmembrane

gap junctions are made up of connexins and [x] connexins form a single connexon

6

gap junctions and [blank] are involved with signal propagation, adhesion, and coupling but also in tumor cell interactions

pannexins

gap junction permeability is dependent on size (<1kDa) and are not permeable to [blanks]

macromolecules, proteins, polysaccharides

the extracellular matrix (ECM) is found in multicellular organisms and regulates processes via [blanks]

integrins

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are [blankly] charged which attracts Na+ and promotes swelling and hydration to enable the matrix to withstand compressive forces

negatively

GAGs are bound to a core protein to form a [blank] and can form large aggregates

proteoglycan

proteoglycans and GAGs can regulate signaling and molecular [blanking]

trafficking

collagen is a type of fibrous protein made up of 3 alpha helices, every 3rd residue is a [blank]

glycine

collagen helices are stabilized by [blank] rings

proline

the propeptides of collagen are cleaved after secretion and undergo self-assembly into the [blank]

fibril

[blank] is heterotrimeric fibrous protein component of the ECM

laminin

[blank] binds to collagen and the integrins of a cell and its fibril formation requires integrin binding

fibronectin

integrin receptors are the principal matrix receptors in animal cells and transduce signals [blankly]

bidirectionally

Integrin receptors are heterodimeric, transmembrane [blank] receptors

adhesion

ECM integrin interactions regulate cell migration, associated with [blank], and stem cell differentiation

cancer

the active conformation of integrins has strong [blank] binding, is unfolded and separated tails and they cluster

ligand

inside-out activation involves [blank] binding to integrin tail causes adoption of active conformation

Talin

integrins have no inherent [blank] activity but can recruit effector molecules such as kinases

kinase

focal adhesions are large complexes of integrins that recruit [blanks] and Src

FAKs