Ec period 4 apush

Participatory democracy

System of democracy in which all members of a group participate collectively in making major decisions. Different idea to republicanism. It was shown through male suffrage.

Henry Clay

He was the secretary of state for John Quincy Adams. He proposed the American System, which was an economic plan for the nation.

Second Great Awakening

State of American religion in the early 18th century. It fostered new reform movements, like: prison reform, temperance, women's movement, and abolition.

Utopian movements

Communities that perfected life with new social standards. Most communities failed, but the Mormons still exist today.

Steam engines

New method of propulsion created by Robert Fulton. It was used in steamboats, which transformed the transportation system.

Railroads

Track system that allowed for the movement of trains. They connected the eastern US to the western US.

Telegraph

Communication device created by Samuel Morse. It allowed for instant communication across long distances.

The American System

Henry Clay's economic plan for the nation. It sought to tie America together by specializing regions of America.

Tariffs

A tax paid on a particular class of imports or exports. After the War of 1812, these protected American industry from British imports.

Antislavery Movements

Attempts to free slaves and outlaw slavery. These pressured the American government to take action against/for slavery.

Abolitionist

A person against slavery. These groups of people actively fought the American government to outlaw slavery.

Northern manufacturing

Northern industrialization became prominent over farming. This created many jobs, but had terrible working conditions, which caused labor unions to form.

Supreme Court decisions

John Marshall and the Supreme Court set up the relationship between the federal and state governments. The power of the federal government is stronger than states' rights.

Democrats

They split from the Democratic-Republicans in 1825. They nominate Jackson for the presidency, who won the election of 1828.

Human perfectibility

Idea that people are capable of achieving perfection on earth through natural means, without the grace of God. Utopian communities attempted to achieve this, but many failed.

Free African Americans

These African Americans were free from slavery. They still did not gain equal rights and opportunities as white people.

Interchangeable parts

Method of design created by Eli Whitney that created uniform parts. They allowed for easy replacement of parts and the mass production of muskets.

Agricultural inventions

These made farming more efficient and cheaper. They caused slavery to continue in the South, where farming was the only industry.

Semi-subsistence agriculture

Growing enough food for your family, but also a bit more for bartering. Mostly practiced by Indians and Whites, and caused frequent movement to new land.

Market revolution

Traditional commerce became outdated with the transportation and industrial revolution. It created a powerful Northern economy.

Internal improvements

One-third of Clay's American System that attempted to force the federal government to pay for roads and canals. This idea was vetoed by Quincy Adams because he believed that states should be paying for roads and canals.

Louisiana Purchase

American purchased land from Napoleon. It caused a debate on slavery, leading to the Missouri Compromise.

Southern cotton

The main industry in the South. This was the cash crop for the South and it promoted the use of slaves.

Monroe Doctrine

Warning for European nations to stay out of the western hemisphere. This will forbid Britain to build a canal through Latin America.

Andrew Jackson

7th president of the US. He promoted universal male suffrage, got rid of the Bank of the US, and went through the Nullification Crisis in 1832.

Whigs

They supported Hamilton's Federalist ideas and emerged in 1836. They opposed Andrew Jackson (King Andrew I).

New national culture

New forms of art, literature, and architecture that became distinct to America. America became a unique country that was seen as an actual country by the world.

Xenophobia

Dislike of people from other countries. Americans disliked European immigrants and formed the Know Nothing Party.

Canals

Artificial waterways that allow the passage of boats and ships. They allow for easy transportation, like the Erie Canal.

Textile machinery

An automated way to mass produce textiles. They caused the boom of industrialization in the North.

Transportation networks

Connections of transportation paths to link the country together. It made transportation easier and cheaper.

National Bank

The bank where the federal government saves the country's money. It became a problem to Andrew Jackson because the bank had a potential to collapse.

Seneca Falls Convention

Gathering of women who demanded suffrage and equality among the genders. It launched the modern women's rights movement.

Missouri Compromise

Allowed Missouri to be admitted to the US as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It helped to prevent dispute by setting the 36th parallel as a slavery line.

Temperance

Movement against alcohol. Groups like the American Temperance Society help to lessen the consumption of alcohol.