Symptoms and features of anorexia

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8 Terms

1
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What are the two types of anorexia?

Restrictive type, binge/purge type

2
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Explain the restrictive type of anorexia

People with the restrictive subtype place severe restrictions on the amount and type of food they consume, including the restriction of certain food groups (eg- carbohydrates, fats), calorie counting, skipping meals, obsessive rules and rigid thinking (eg- only eating foods of a certain colour). These restrictive behaviours around food may be accompanied by excessive exercise.

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Explain the binge/purge type of anorexia

People with the binge/purge subtype place severe restrictions on the amount of food they consume, but additionally display purging behaviour and may also experience binge eating. Binge eating involves eating a large amount of food and feeling a ‘loss of control’. Purging behaviour involves self-induced vomiting, or deliberately misusing laxatives, diuretics or enemas to compensate for eating food.

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What are the 3 main categories of anorexia symptoms? (according to the DSM)

  1. Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements leading to a significantly low body weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. Significantly low weight is defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal or, for children and adolescents, less than minimally expected.

  2. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, or persistent behaviour that interferes with weight gain, even though the individual is at a significantly low weight already.

  3. Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight

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What are ‘features’

Statistics that highlight the key information about the onset, course and incidence of the disorder.

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What is the onset of anorexia?

  • People of any age can develop anorexia, but it commonly starts in the teenage years between 15-19

  • It affects about 1 in 150 teenage girls

  • It affects about 1 in 1000 teenage boys

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What is the course of anorexia?

  • About 50% of people fully recover after one episode

  • About 30% follow an episodic pattern of weight gain and relapse over a number of years

  • About 20% never fully recover, and may need hospitalisation

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What is the incidence of anorexia?

  • The incidence of anorexia nervosa in 2021 according to the DSM-5 criteria in 8-17 year olds was examined and the incidence rate was 13.7% per 100,000, in females it was 25.7% and in males it was 2.3%

  • Usually, the condition lasts for about 6 years

  • The prevalence of anorexia in the whole UK population for women is between 2-4%