Chapter 9: Equality Prevails

civil rights cases

The ________ led to eighty years of de facto apartheid in the United States.

1898

The legitimation of racial discrimination came in ________, when the Supreme Court, in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896), upheld racially segregated railroad cars as "separate but equal "and therefore consistent with the Fourteenth Amendment.

Commerce Clause

The ________ came into its own as a ground for congressional action in the late 1930s, when the Supreme Court groped for some basis to justify President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal legislation designed to manage and stimulate the economy, as well as regulate working conditions and protect the welfare of workers.

Due Process Clause

The ________ has become the repository of a vast jurisprudence for regulating state criminal justice.

Brown v. Board of Education

_______________ held that segregated schools were inherently unequal.

President Lyndon B. Johnson

The final overruling of the Civil Rights Cases occurred not in the Supreme Court but in Congress, which, under the urging of _______________________, passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.