Unit 1: Chemistry, Math, and Measurements (Chemistry)

chemistry

the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter

chemicals

a substance that has the same composition and properties wherever it is found

matter

the material that makes up a substance and has mass and occupies space

math skills

scientific notation

a form of writing large and small numbers using a coefficient that is at least 1 but less than 10, following by a power of 10

standard notation

unit of measurement

length

length → meter (m) → meter (m)

volume

the amount of space a substance occupies (volume → liter (l) → cubic meter (m^3))

mass

a measure of the quantity of material it contains (mass → gram (g) → kilogram (kg))

temperature

an indicator of the hotness or coldness of an object

time

si

the official system of measurement throughout the world except for the US that modifies the metric system

metric system

a system of measurement used by scientists and in most countries of the world

accuracy

how close a measurements is to the right accepted answer

precision

how close a measurement is to the other attempts

significant figures

the numbers recorded in a measurement

rules of sig figs

all non-zeros, final zeros after the decimal point, sandwiched zeros, all numbers in notations

multiplication and division

number of sig figs in the answer is equal to the number in any numbers being multiplied or divided

addition and subtraction

number of places in the answer is equal to the least number of decimal points in the numbers

exact numbers

numbers obtained by counting items or using a definition that compares two units of the same measuring system

measured

numbers you obtain when you measure quantity such as your height, weight, or temperature

prefixes

king henry

kilo, hecto, deka, basic unit, deci, centi, mili