Khilafat Movement

Causes

Khilafat, held by the Ottoman Empire, was the focus of the Khilafat Movement

During World War I, the Ottoman Empire sided with which country?

Germany

What was the name of the pact concluded on November 3rd, 1918, that proposed the division of Turkish territories?

The Istanbul Accord

Indian Muslims' support for the British in WWI was conditional on the protection of Turkey's holy places and ensuring Turkey was not deprived of its _____.

territories

First stated aim of the Khilafat Movement

To protect the holy places of Turkey.

Second stated aim of the Khilafat Movement

To restore the territories of Turkey.

third stated aim of the Khilafat Movement

To restore the Ottoman Empire

Muslims were in a very awkward position,

because they had a deep-rooted devotion to the caliphate. (But they were also fighting alongside britishers)

Khilafat Committee and Congress hold meetings in December 1919

Amritsar

led the Khilafat delegation sent to England in 1920?

Moulana Mohammed Ali Johar

Who paid no heed to their demands?

Lloyd George

After the failure of the delegation, what major campaign did they launch?

Non-cooperation Movement

Who supported it?

Congress

After the Muslims resigned, by the non-cooperation movement

The vacuum created was joyfully filled by Hindus.

Hijrat Movement (1920)

A movement where thousands of Muslim families sold their properties to migrate from India, which was declared Dar-ul-Harab.

Which Country did they migrate to?

Afghanistan

Hijrat outcome

The Afghan authorities did not allow them to cross the border, leading to the movement's failure.

Why did Mohamed Ali Jinnah resign from Congress in 1920?

He did not support ‘Sathyagara’ or the Hijrat movement.

Direct blow to Khilafat Movement by Ghandi

The indirect announcement to discontinue the Non-Cooperation Movement.

1924

The abolition of the Khilafat in Turkey served as the finishing blow to the movement in India.

Unity

The text suggests the Khilafat Movement proved Hindus and Muslims were two different nations because they could not maintain

Common enemy

The Indian Muslims and Hindus also realized that Britishers were their common enemy.

Mass-based participation

rural Muslims, religious clerics, small traders, artisans—into the nationalist fold

Political tools

It made protests, strikes, and boycotts common political tools.

Growth of Muslim Political Awareness

Many Muslims saw the Khilafat as both a religious and political issue.
After the betrayal of Hindus, they strived for their own identity.

Molanas and Ulemas

Religion started shaping politics more openly.