Module 3 Exam Music Appreciation

Absolute Music

music without literary or pictorial meanings

Theme

musical idea, building block

Motive

small fragment of a theme

Lied

a German art song

Song Cycle

groups of lieder unified by a common theme

Through composed

music without repeated sections

Program music

instrumental music with literary associations

Idee fix

fixed idea, recurrent theme

the practice of writing for orchestra

orchestration

Leitmotifs

a recurrent theme throughout a musical composition

Cultivated music

taught or learned

Classical Period dates

1750-1825

Romantic period dates

1820 - 1900

Why is Vienna important?

center of music and culture

difference between classical and Classical music?

classical is the type of music (adj), Classical is the era/time period (noun).

musical characteristics of the Classical style

well defined sections, clear melody with chordal accompaniment, homophonic

the most important organizing element in Classical Style music

Form 

general characteristics of 1st movement of a system

long, dramatic, allegro

general characteristics of 2nd movement of a system

slow, lyrical, andante or adagio

general characteristics of 3rd movement of a system

dancelike, allegro or allegretto

general characteristics of 4th movement of a system

lively, spirited, allegro or vivace

instrumentation of a string quartet

two violins, viola, and a cello

what group of instruments comprised the nucleus of the Classical orchestra

strings

Haydn’s nicknames

Father of the Symphony, Father of the String Quartet

three main sections of sonata-allegro form

Exposition, Development, Recapitulation

What two ways is the term symphony used?

genre and ensemble

who was Maria Anna “Nannerl” Mozart?

Mozart’s older sister

which composer wrote in the classical style and then transitioned into the Romantic period with his composing?

Beethoven

What two things help to differentiate musical periods?

instrumentation and orchestration

From what ailment does Beethoven suffer?

deafness

When did trombones appear in a symphony?

Beethoven’s fifth symphony

What helped shape the new social order of the 19th century?

Industrial Revolution

Where was concert life centered in the 19th century?

public concert halls

How did the orchestras of the 19th century change?

instrumentation becomes standard and orchestra becomes larger

which instrumental family was the heart of the orchestra?

strings

What pianist developed the modern style of piano playing?

Chopin

What created an interest in folklore and folk music?

nationalism

two composers of 19th century lieder

Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann

what was the most important keyboard instrument in the Romantic period?

piano

Who is Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel?

Sister of Felix Mendelssohn, famous composer

master of the 19th century Italian opera

Giuseppe Verdi

Which composer was considered to be the most important figure in the artistic world in the later part of the 19th century?

Wagner

The artistic worlds of the late 19th / early 20th centuries were influenced by what?

West Europe and West Africa

For what types of tunes is Stephen Foster known?

minstrel and parlor music

Was the piano recital created in the Romantic era?

yes

Which Russian composer was liked by Western audiences?

Tchaikovsky

From what sources did Dvorak encourage American composers to take inspiration?

West African Music

Which composer’s music exemplifies impressionism?

Debussey

how big were Mahler’s orchestras?

80-100 musicians

what was Mahler’s “day job”

conductor

What was the Second Great Awakening?

christian movement in the early 1800s

Genres brought to America from Africa

ring songs, work songs

characteristics of the African American spiritual

call-and response, emotional intensity

Who attended camp meetings?

African Americans and European Americans

African musical philosophy

music comes out of life, and life comes out of music

How was West African music transmitted?

orally and aurally

With what institution have bands always been associated?

military institutions

What is the oldest professional band in the U.S.?

The U.S. Marine Band

Who is America’s most famous bandmaster?

John Phillip Sousa

what is JP Sousa known for

composed the official march of the United States

Official march of the United States

“Stars and Stripes Forever”

Scott Joplin’s nickname

King of Ragtime

What are America’s vernacular music traditions at the end of the 19th Century?

a mix of African American and immigrant musical styles

principal characteristic of ragtime

syncopation

why is the saxophone not included in the standard instrumentation of the orchestra? 

what West African drum is known as the king’s drum? 

Djembe

What is acculturation

assimilation to a different culture

What is the coded meaning of Moses in African American spirituals?

deliverance and freedom from oppression; Harriet Tubman

What is the coded meaning of the Jordan River in African American spirituals?

the Ohio River/the border to freedom

Haydn’s String Quartet in E-flat Major Genre

String Quartet

Mozart’s Piano Concerto in G major genre

piano concerto

Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 genre

Symphony

Mozart’s the marriage of Figaro genre

opera

Schubert’s Elfking genre

leider

Berlioz’s Symphonic fantastique genre

programmatic symphony

Wagener’s Die Walkure genre

opera

Puccini’s Madame Butterfly genre

opera

Swing Low, Sweet Chariot genre

spiritual

Joplin’s Maple Leaf Rag genre

Ragtime

Early in the mornin’ genre

work song

what are the forms of each movement of a multi-movement Classical work?

sonata-allegro, theme and variation, minute and trio (dance), rondo or sonata and allegro