Macromolecules Graphic Organizer

Flashcards covering carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids based on Page 1-2 notes.

What is the monomer for carbohydrates?

Monosaccharide.

Carbohydrates commonly end with which suffix?

-ose.

Name examples of carbohydrates mentioned in the notes.

Glucose, lactose, fructose, starch, glycogen.

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Source of energy for organisms.

What is a disaccharide?

Two monosaccharides bonded together.

What carbohydrate polymers are listed in the notes?

Cellulose, starch, glycogen.

What elements compose carbohydrates and in what approximate ratio?

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in about a 1:2:1 ratio.

How does carbohydrate structure support cellular processes?

Monosaccharides bond to form larger carbohydrates that provide energy and structural support (e.g., cell walls in some organisms).

What is the monomer of lipids according to the notes?

Fatty acids and glycerol.

What is the main function of lipids?

Long-term energy storage.

What lipid polymers are mentioned?

Triglycerides, Waxes, Phospholipids.

Why are lipids nonpolar and insoluble in water?

Because they contain many C–H bonds, making them nonpolar.

What elements are found in lipids?

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

How does lipid structure relate to function?

Nonpolar, mainly C–H rich structure enables energy storage and membrane formation; lipids are hydrophobic.

What is the monomer of proteins?

Amino acids.

Where are proteins found and what do they form?

Proteins are found in enzymes, skin, hair, nails, and muscles; they form enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and other functional molecules.

What elements make up proteins?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and nitrogen.

Why can proteins have many shapes?

Because of the bonding and folding of amino acids, leading to a wide range of functions.

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Nucleotide.

What are the two main nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA.

What elements are found in nucleic acids (as noted)?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.

How are DNA nucleotides arranged?

Two chains joined by hydrogen bonds to form a double-stranded molecule.

What is the overall shape of DNA?

Double helix.

What are the basic components of a nucleotide?

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

What is RNA in terms of nucleic acids?

A polymer of nucleotides, typically single-stranded.