genetic engineering - honbio chapter15

selective breeding

a method of breeding that allows only those organisms with the desired characteristics to produce the next generation

hybridization

a breeding technique that involves crossing different individuals to bring together the best traits of both

inbreeding

continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the desired characteristics of a kind of organism 7

biotechnology

the process of manipulating organisms, cells, molecules to produce specific products

polyploid plants

a condition in which an organism has extra sets of c’somes (separation during mieosis)

polymerase chain reaction

the technique used by biologists to make many copies of a gene

recombinant dna

dna produced by combining dna from different sources

plasmid

small circular piece of dna located in the cytoplasm of bacteria

genetic marker

alleles that produce detectable phenotypic frequencies useful in genetic analysis (allows it to be distinguishable from bacteria that doesn’t carry plasmids)

transgenic organisms

term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from other organisms

clones

member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell