Life Science ch 8

What process produces new alleles?

A)  homeostasis

B)  metabolism

C)  mitosis

D)  mutation

D) mutation

What macromolecule is usually made from the genetic instructions in DNA?

A)  ATP

B)  phospholipid

C)  polysaccharide

D)  protein

D) protein

Why is a mammalian eye cell different from a tongue cell?

A) Different cell types eliminate unneeded genes.

B)  Different cell types contain different genes.

C)  Different combinations of the available genes are used.

D)  Different numbers of chromosomes are found in those cells.

C) different combinations of the available genes are used

How do mutations affect genetic diversity in a population?

A) Mutations produce similar phenotypes.

B)  Mutations prevent the development of new variations.

C)  Mutations prevent independent assortment in meiosis.

D)  Mutations produce different versions of genes.

D) mutations produce different versions of genes

What relationship exists between genes and chromosomes?

A) Chromosomes use proteins to make genes.

B)  Chromosomes and genes are both made of carbohydrates.

C)  Genes are carried on chromosomes.

D)  Genes provide energy for the chromosomes.

C) genes are carried on chromosomes

What is a mistake that is made during copying of genetic information?

A)  genotype

B)  mutation

C)  variance

D)  zygote

B) mutation

During which process do gametes fuse together?

A)  embryonic development

B)  fertilization

C)  meiosis

D)  mitosis

B) fertilization

What is the growth and reproduction of an individual called?

A)  life cycle

B)  genotype

C)  phenotype

D)  normal distribution

A) life cycle

What is the correct sequence for the start of an organism's life cycle?

A)  fertilization → meiosis → zygote → embryo

B)  fertilization → zygote → meiosis → embryo

C)  meiosis → fertilization → zygote → embryo

D) meiosis → embryo → fertilization → zygote

C) meiosis → fertilization → zygote → embryo

 If an organism's chromosomal DNA is like an instruction manual, what instructions do cells receive from genes?

A)  continue growing until the cell can reproduce

B)  convert carbohydrates into enzymes

C)  make specific proteins from amino acids

D)  modify the cell shape for a changing environment

C) make specific proteins from amino acids

In the DNA instruction manual, what do typographical errors represent as the DNA manual is rewritten?

A) dominant alleles

B)  recessive alleles

C)  mutations

D)  homologous chromosomes

C) mutations

According to the Punnett square diagram, how many different genotypes are possible for this cross?

A) 1

B)  2

C)  3

D)  4

C) 3

In "American Albino" horses, the albinism allele A resulting in a snow-white coat is dominant over the allele for a darker coat color, a. What genotype is found in a dark-colored horse?

A) AA

B)  Aa

C)  aa

D)  dd

C) a

Cystic fibrosis is caused by the recessive allele, f. What percentage of possible offspring would develop cystic fibrosis from a mating of two parents with Ff genotypes?

A)  100%

B)  75%

C)  50%

D)  25%

D) 25%

If parents with genotypes Gg have one child with a recessive genetic disorder, gg, what is the chance that their second child will develop the genetic disorder?

A)  25%

B)  50%

C)  75%

D)  100%

A) 25%

Congenital hypothyroidism is caused by the dominant allele H. If a man with Hh mates with an unaffected woman with hh, what percentage of possible offspring will develop congenital hypothyroidism?

A)  0%

B)  25%

C)  50%

D)  75%

C) 50%

In humans, the allele for wet earwax, W, is dominant over the allele for dry earwax, w. If a man with wet earwax and a woman with dry earwax have one child with dry earwax, what is the chance of a second child having dry earwax?

A)  25%

B)  50%

C)  75%

D)  100%

B) 50%

If purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) in pea plants, which cross would produce only purple flowers in the offspring?

A)  pp × pp

B)  Pp × pp

C)  Pp × Pp

D)  PP × PP

D) PP x PP

How many different gametes can be made by an individual with the genotype AaBb?

A) 2

B)  4

C)  8

D)  16

B) 4

What type of inheritance includes the AB blood type, in which both A and B alleles are expressed?

A) codominance

B)  incomplete dominance

C)  independent assortment

D) sex linkage

A) codominance

What type of inheritance occurs when a pink rose results from a cross between a red-colored rose and a white-colored rose?

A) codominance

B)  incomplete dominance

C)  independent assortment

D)  sex linkage

B) incomplete dominance

Why is a sickle cell allele considered incompletely dominant?

A)  Mutant proteins produce blood cells that are not completely red.

B)  Mutant sickle-cell proteins are still produced in carriers.

C)  Sickle-cell symptoms are only found in people with homozygous dominant alleles.

D) Sickle-cells are always present in conditions with adequate oxygen availability.

B) mutating sickle-cell proteins are still produced in carriers

Which blood type does NOT have sugars on the surface of the red blood cells?

A)  type A

B)  type B

C)  type AB

D)  type O

D) type O

What parental blood type would not be able to produce a child with type O blood?

A) A

B)  B

C)  AB

D) O

C) AB

What blood type would a child with the genotype IAi have?

A)  A

B)  B

C)  AB

D)  O

A) A

Which blood type would be compatible with any ABO transfusion?

A)  type A

B)  type B

C)  type AB

D)  type O

C) AB

A patient with which blood type can donate blood to anyone?

A)  type A

B)  type B

C)  type AB

D)  type O

D) type O

A woman with type A blood and a man with type B blood have a baby with type O blood. What are the genotypes of the woman and the man?

A)  IAi and IBi

B)  IAIA and IBi

C)  IAi and IBIB

D)  IAIA and IBIB

A) IAi and IBi

A woman with type AB blood and a man with type O blood have a child. Which type of blood could the child have?

A)  type A or type O

B)  type B or type O

C)  type AB or type O

D)  type A or type B

D) type A or type B

What is the ability of a gene to cause multiple effects on a phenotype?

A)  pleiotropy

B)  codominance

C)  polygenic inheritance

D)  continuous variation

A) pleiotropy

The loss of myelin due to adrenoleukodystrophy causes multiple effects in several organs. What process results from the effects of a single gene loss?

A)  codominance

B)  multiple allelism

C)  pleiotropy

D)  environmental effects

C) pleiotropy

In which group can sex-linked traits be expressed?

A)  males only

B)  females only

C)  either males or females

D)  carriers only

C) either males or females

Which offspring would receive a Y-linked trait from their affected father?

A)  all his children if the mother is a carrier

B)  only his daughters

C)  only sons of his daughters

D)  only his sons

D) only his sons

Which offspring will receive a harmful allele for an X-linked trait from a man who carries the allele?

A)  all of his daughters

B)  only half of his daughters

C)  only half of his sons

D)  all of his children

A) all of his daughters

In humans, what ordinarily determines the sex of the offspring?

A)  autosomes carried by the egg cell

B)  autosomes carried by the sperm cell

C)  sex chromosome carried by the egg cell

D)  sex chromosome carried by the sperm cell

D) sex chromosomes carries by the sperm cell

In addition to autosomes, what is contained in a human sperm cell?

A)  an X chromosome always

B)  either an X or a Y chromosome

C)  a Y chromosome always

D)  both an X and a Y chromosome

B) either an X or a Y chromosome

What types and numbers of chromosomes are found in humans?

A)  two pairs of sex chromosomes and 46 pairs of autosomes

B)  two pairs of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes

C)  one pair of sex chromosomes and 46 pairs of autosomes

D)  one pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes

D) one pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes

According to the Punnett square diagram, what percentage of possible male offspring could have adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) if the father has ALD and the mother is unaffected?

A)  0%

B)  25%

C)  50%

D)  75%

A) 0%

According to the Punnett square diagram, what percentage of possible male offspring would be unaffected by adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) if the father is unaffected by ALD and the mother is a carrier of ALD?

A)  0%

B)  25%

C)  50%

D)  75%

B) 25%

What diagram is a family tree showing the inheritance of a genetic trait over many generations?

A) genetic code

B)  karyotype

C)  pedigree

D) test cross

C) pedigree

On a pedigree chart, what symbol would represent a son with a genetic disorder?

A) a clear circle

B)  a clear square

C)  a shaded circle

D)  a shaded square

D) a shaded square

What does a half-shaded circle represent on a pedigree chart?

A)  a female carrier of the genetic condition

B)  a female without the allele for the genetic condition

C)  a male affected by the genetic condition

D)  a male carrier of the genetic condition

A) a female carrier of the genetic condition

Polydactyly is a dominant trait. What symbol on a pedigree chart represents a male with polydactyly?

A)  a clear circle

B)  a half-shaded circle

C)  a half-shaded square

D)  a shaded square

D) a shaded square