Therapeutic skills - vitals quiz

heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, temperature, oxygen saturation, pain

what are the 6 types of vital signs?

vitals

measures of the body’s core ability to stay alive

signs

can be observed and/or measured

symptoms 

how a person reports how they are feeling; subjective; difficult to measure

60-100 bpm

normal value for heart rate

bradycardia

<60 bpm

tachycardia 

> 100 bpm

regular, arrythmia

what are types of heart rhythms?

bounding, weak

what are types of heart pulse amplitude?

determine the patient’s physiological response

what is the objective of assessing heart rate?

before (3-5 min), during, and after treatment (1-3 min)

when should you assess heart rate?

pulse oximeter, manual (carotid, radial, brachial artery)

how do you measure pulse?

maximum heart rate (220-age)

the highest heart rate a person should achieve on exertion with respect to age and medical condition

target heart rate ((220-age)x0.6 to (220-age)x0.8)

the heart rate that an individual should achieve during exercise for cardiovascular conditioning, people without contraindications should work at this heart rate

blood pressure

measure the vascular resistance to blood flow, measures effectiveness of cardiac muscle, recorded as systolic/diastolic 

systolic bp

pressure against the artery walls when the heart is beating

diastolic bp

pressure against the artery walls when the heart is at rest

blood volume, vessel size, vessel compliance 

what are factors that influence blood pressure

120/80 mmHg

normal value of blood pressure

hypertension (stroke or MI)

140/90 mmHg

hypotension (fainting)

90/60 mmHg

arterial line, manually (bp cuff n left arm), automated digital measurement (Dynamap)

how to measure blood pressure?

orthostatic vital signs

systolic blood pressure drops 20 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure drops 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of position change. check blood pressure and heart rate in supine, sitting, then standing 

respiratory rate

number of breathing cycles per minute

PPG (photoplethysmography), observing rise and fall of chest in 1 minute

how is respiratory rate measured

12-20 breathes

normal value for respiratory rate

depth, rhythm, ease of breathing, breath sounds

what are the 4 measure of quality of breathing?

98.6

normal value of temperature

tympanic, oral, rectal, axillary (+1)

how can temperature be measured?

97%-99% SpO2

normal value for oxygen saturation

oxygen saturation (O2 sats)

percentage of oxygen carried by hemoglobin, maximum is 100%

pulse oximeter

how can oxygen saturation be measured?

severe hypoxia

saturation values up to 85= _________

visual analog scale (quantitative), pain descriptors list (qualitative)

how to pain be measured