landscape test 2

what are the basis of design

ideas (clients + designer)

canvas (the site)

materials (plants)

what can basis designs do

attraction

noise reduction

entrance

green infrastructure

property screen

outdoor living

hort. therapy

livable spaces and recreation

what are the "bones" of the garden

1. enclosure

2. form

3. Framing the view

4. entry

5. focal point

6. structures

enclosure meaning

frames the space and a sense of enclosure or background

form definition

outline of a plant (silhouette), needs balance

symmetrical form

mirror image

asymmetrical form

visual weight on either side balances each other

framing the view def

The use of plant material to direct the eye

primary axis def

a line in the landscape, usually framed with plants, off which other design elements are based

allee def

walkway lined with trees and shrubs planted in a repeating pattern

entry def

creates a break for a change in the garden; can elicit mystery

focal point def

stimulates the eye and moves the viewer from one location to another in the landscape

structure def

adds permanence to the garden

what is considered the meat of the garden

7. color

8. texture and rhythm

9. abundance

10. whimsy

11. mystery

12. time

hue def

pure color, containing no white, black, or gray

value def

the colors luminous, or the light reflected from it.

shade def

a type of value, but if it contains more black, it is lower value

tint def

a type of value but if it contains more white it is a higher value

intensity def

the brightness of a color

monochromatic

plants share the same hue, can be with similar value and intensity

analogous colors

adjacent to each other on the color wheel

analogous

complementary/contrast

colors that are opposites on the color wheel that provide high contrast

more saturation =

more contrast

more muted =

less contrast

color warmth

a term used to convey the emotions that colors evoke

warm color ex

red, orange, yellow

cool colors ex

blue and purple

neutral colors ex

green, brown, white, black, gray/silver

texture def

refers to the surface quality of an object. helps to do if changing the color of the image to black and white

rhythm def

repetition of colors, shapes, and plants in a landscape to unite it

abundance def

The same plant used in large plantings

whimsy def

having your own personality added

mystery def

cant see behind the hedge/hidden

time def

buildings that look old and arent actually old (more of a stylistic choice)

what should you consider when planting

-avoid powerlines and utility lines

-woody plants need more consideration as they live longer

-annuals and perennials less consideration as they can be moved easier

how big should a hole be

2-3x the size of root ball

what does planing too deep do

slow growth

thinning canopy

dieback

trunk decay

what does planting to high do

stability issues

not absorbing nutrienst

correct depth should be

2-3'' above grade

when planting make sure to remove

twine and strapping

top 1/3 to 2/3 of wire basket

only _________ what you can _________

water, maintain

lack of water can lead to

poor establishment

gradual decline of health

Nutrient defiencies

root rot issues

weak or stunted growth

what are antitranspirants

foilage sprays that reduce water loss through leaf surface (transpiration)

-can be toxic

-use at right time

what does mulch do

ensure absorbing and good drainage

avoids competition with turf

staking

only when necessary! in extremely windy sites or bare root trees

proper staking

5 procedures to encourage establishment

1. loose soil

2. proper irrigation management

3. mulch ring of 8' around planting hole

4. root flare slightly above garde

5. leaving top unpruned

5 factors that limit growth

1. compacted soil

2. little or no irrigation

3. Grass or weeds growing too close to the trunk

4. planting too deep or high

5. Pruning at planting

5 factors that have little or no impact

1. peat/om added to backfill

2. root stimulant products

3. Fertilizer at planting

4. adding mycorrhizae spores

5. water-absorbing gels

what is a hazard tree

structural defect that may cause a tree or a portion of a tree to fall on someone or something of value

what is the tree hazard checklist

large dead branches?

detached branches?

cavities or rotten wood?

fungal fruting bodies present?

root damage?

relevant site changes?

unusual changes in leaf color or size/ early leaf drop?

has the tree been topped or heavily pruned?

if a defective tree in a remove setting is not frequent by people it is a hazard true

false

it is not a hazard tree, if no damage to someone or something of value

what type of trees are more prone to be hazrad trees

edge trees

lone trees

high traffic and new development

wet sites and shallow soils

why are edge trees more prone to be hazard trees

-exposed to greater stress during storms

-potential root damage during clearing

why are lone trees more prone to be hazard trees

-prone to lighting strikes

-undersized root system or low live crown ratios

top and crown problems

1. species differences

2. tree health

3. higher susceptibility

4. branch conditions

5. branch structures

6. unbalanced crowns

trunk symptoms

1. codomiant stems

2. wounds and cracks

3. leaning

4. decay indicators

root symtpoms

1. root failure

2. soil failure

3. root severance

4. root collar disorders

5. root disease

how does decay move

from tips to root collar

what are the roots symptoms in hazard trees

-dead/loose bark

-bleeding or ooze

-fungal fruiting structures

-cracks or seams in bark

-missing roots

signs of trunk decay

• loose bark

• cankers

• swelling

• stump sprouts

• branch stubs

• knots

• cavities

• abdnormal swellings