Thẻ ghi nhớ: Unit 5 - Diseases of the Female Reproductive System

anovulation

Failure of the ovaries to release a mature ovum at the time of ovulation, although the menstrual cycle is normal

ovarian cancer

Cancerous tumor of an ovary

polycystic ovary syndrome

The ovaries contain multiple cysts

salpingitis

Inflammation or infection of the uterine tube

endometriosis

Endometrial tissue in abnormal places

leiomyoma

Benign, fibrous tumor in the smooth muscle of the myometrium

leiomyosarcoma

Cancerous tumor of the smooth muscle of the myometrium

myometritis

Inflammation or infection of the myometrium

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Infection of the cervix that ascends to the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries

uterine cancer

Cancerous tumor of the endometrium of the uterus

uterine prolapse

Descent of the uterus from its normal position

amenorrhea

Absence of monthly menstrual periods

dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)

Sporadic menstrual bleeding without a true menstrual period

dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation

menopause

Normal cessation of menstrual periods, occurring around middle age

menorrhagia

A menstrual period with excessively heavy flow or a menstrual period that lasts longer than 7 days

oligomenorrhea

A menstrual period with very light flow or infrequent menstrual cycles (longer than 35 days before the next cycle begins) in a woman who previously had normal menstruation

premenstrual syndrome (RMS)

Breast tenderness, fluid retention, bloating, and mild mood changes (irritability, anger, sadness) a few days before the onset of menstruation

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

Includes symptoms of PMS plus feelings of depression, anxiety, tearfulness, mood shifts, difficulty concentrating, sleeping and eating disturbances, and breast, joint, and muscle pain

cervical cancer

Cancerous tumor of the cervix

cervical dysplasia

Abnormal growth of squamous cells in the surface layer of the cervix

bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial infection of the vagina due to Gardnerella vaginalis

candidiasis

Yeast infection of the vagina due to Candida albicans

cystocele

Herniation of the bladder into the vagina because of a weakness in the vaginal wall

dyspareunia

Painful or difficult sexual intercourse

rectocele

Herniation of the rectum into the vagina because of a weakness in the vaginal wall

vaginitis

Vaginal inflammation or infection

breast cancer

Cancerous tumor, usually an adenocarcinoma of the lactiferous lobules of the breast

failure of lactation

Lack of production of milk from the breasts after childbirth

fibrocystic disease

Benign condition in which numerous fibrous and fluid-filled cysts form in one or both breasts

galactorrhea

Discharge of milk from the breasts when the patient is not pregnant or breastfeeding

abnormal presentation

Birth position in which the presenting part of the fetus is not the head

abruptio placentae

Complete or partial separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor

cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

The size of the fetal head exceeds the size of the opening in the mother's pelvic bones so the fetus cannot be born vaginally

dystocia

Any type of difficult or abnormal labor and delivery

ectopic pregnancy

Implantation of a fertilized ovum somewhere other than in the uterus

gestational diabetes mellitus

Temporary disorder of glucose metabolism that occurs only during pregnancy

hydatidiform mole

Abnormal union of an ovum and spermatozoon

incompetent cervix

Spontaneous, premature dilation of the cervix during the second trimester of pregnancy

mastitis

Inflammation or infection of the breast

morning sickness

Nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy

oligohydramnios

Decreased volume of amniotic fluid

placenta previa

Incorrect position of the placenta with its edge partially or completely covering the cervical canal

polyhydramnios

Increased volume of amniotic fluid

postpartum hemorrhage

Continual bleeding from the site where the placenta separated after delivery

preeclampsia

Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with increased blood pressure, edema, weight gain, and protein in the urine (proteinuria)

eclampsia

A condition in which the woman has seizures and the fetus is endangered

premature labor

Regular uterine contractions that occur before the fetus is mature

premature rupture of membranes (PROM)

Spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac and loss of amniotic fluid before labor begins

prolapsed cord

A loop of umbilical cord becomes caught between the presenting part of the fetus and the birth canal

spontaneous abortion (SAB)

Loss of a pregnancy

uterine inertia

Weak or uncoordinated contractions during a long and nonproductive labor

postpartum depression

A mood disorder with symptoms of mild-to-moderate depression, anxiousness, irritability, tearfulness, and fatigue, caused by hormonal changes after birth and by feelings of overwhelming responsibility and fatigue

apnea

Temporary or permanent cessation of breathing in the newborn after birth

Fetal distress

Lack of oxygen to the fetus because of decreased blood flow through the placenta or umbilical cord

growth abnormalities

Maternal illness, malnutrition, and smoking can make the fetus small for gestational age (SGA)

jaundice

Yellowish discoloration of the skin in a newborn

meconium aspiration

Fetal distress causes the fetus to pass meconium into the amniotic fluid. This can get in the mouth and nose, and, if inhaled with the first breath, it causes severe respiratory distress.

nuchal cord

Umbilical cord is wrapped around the neck of the fetus

respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Difficulty inflating the lungs to breathe because of a lack of surfactant