Biomechanics and Kinematic Chain in Physical Therapy

Kinematic Chain

Sequence of joints affecting movement mechanics.

Osteokinematics

Gross movement of body segments measured by ROM.

Arthrokinematics

Joint surface movement during joint motion.

Concave/Convex Rule

Describes movement direction of articular surfaces.

Hypermobility

Excessive movement at a joint beyond normal.

Hypomobility

Reduced movement at a joint below normal.

Joint Mobilization

Manual therapy technique to restore joint motion.

Joint Mobilization Grades

Classification of mobilization techniques by intensity.

Pronation

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and abduction combined.

Supination

Inversion, plantar flexion, and adduction combined.

Range of Motion (ROM)

Measurement of joint movement in degrees.

Eccentric Contraction

Muscle lengthens while producing force.

Concentric Contraction

Muscle shortens while producing force.

Open Chain Exercise

Distal segment moves freely in space.

Closed Chain Exercise

Distal segment fixed, proximal segment moves.

Rule of 6

Guideline for rehabilitation timelines: 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months.

Adhesive Capsulitis

Shoulder condition causing pain and limited motion.

Trendelenburg Gait

Gait pattern indicating hip abductor weakness.

Muscle Torque

Rotational force produced by muscle contraction.

Mechanical Work of Muscle

Energy expended during muscle contractions.

Anterior Glide

Mobilization technique moving joint surface forward.

Posterior Glide

Mobilization technique moving joint surface backward.

Medial Glide

Mobilization technique moving joint surface inward.

Lateral Glide

Mobilization technique moving joint surface outward.

Pure Rolling

Joint surface rolls without sliding.

Sliding

Joint surface moves parallel to another surface.

Spinning

Joint surface rotates around a fixed axis.

Long Sitting Test

Assessment for sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

Differential Diagnosis

Process of distinguishing between conditions.