chapter 24 digestion

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295 Terms

1
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At the splenic fixture, the colon becomes the

descending colon

2
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Enzymatic breakdown of which of the following compounds doesn't begin until it reaches the stomach?

proteins

3
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Which of the following enzymes is important for the digestion of proteins?

pepsin

4
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Which of the following enzymes is important for the digestion of fat?

pancreatic lipase

5
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In the small intestine, which of the following enzymes breaks down maltose?

glucoamylase

6
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The breakdown products of which of the following are absorbed into lacteals?

fats

7
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The enzyme alpha-amylase that digests polysaccharides is secreted by the __.

pancreas

8
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Which of these statements about water balance in the digestive system is true?

9
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About 2000 ml /day enters by mouth.

10
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About 7000 ml/day enters by secretion.

11
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About 150-200 ml/day is lost in the feces.

12
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All of these statements are true.

All of the above

13
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Lipid-soluble vitamins cross the digestive epithelium primarily by _.

diffusion

14
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The enzyme amylase digests

polysaccharides

15
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An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is

trypsin

16
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Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

mouth

17
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Products of fat digestion are transported initially by

lymphatic vessels

18
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The absorption of some sugars in the small intestine involves

cotransport

19
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This organ is primarily responsible for water absorption.

large intestine

20
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Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on

the sodium-potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell, cotransporter proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell, and higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial cell.

21
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If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate is probably

lactose

22
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All of the following are true of the process known as cotransport, except that

23
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ATP is not required by the transport protein.

24
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more than one molecule or ion is moved through the cell membrane at one time.

25
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saturation phenomenon can be observed.

26
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molecules can be moved against a concentration gradient.

27
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only neutral compounds such as sugars are transported.

only neutral compounds such as sugars are transported.

28
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People who lack the enzyme often experience GI upset after consuming milk and other dairy products.

lactase

29
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Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the

30
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stomach.

31
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colon.

32
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esophagus.

33
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bladder.

34
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pharynx.

bladder

35
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Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

36
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esophagus

37
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pancreas

38
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colon

39
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spleen

40
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appendix

pancreas

41
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Digestion refers to the

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.

42
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Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

43
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filtration

44
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ingestion

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compaction

46
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mechanical processing

47
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absorption

filtration

48
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Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus?

49
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component of mucosa

50
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secretes a watery fluid

51
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coordinates activity of muscularis externa

52
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sensory neural network

53
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loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

coordinates activity of muscularis externa

54
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Contraction of the alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

muscularis mucosa

55
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Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

submucosa

56
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Which of these descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus?

sensory neural network

57
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A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following, except in the

58
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oral cavity.

59
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anal canal.

60
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oropharynx.

61
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esophagus.

62
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stomach.

stomach

63
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The activities of the digestive system are regulated by

64
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the contents of the digestive tract.

65
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intrinsic nerve plexuses.

66
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hormones.

67
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parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons.

68
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all of the above

all of the above

69
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Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

peristalsis

70
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The greater omentum is

a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera

71
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The digestive tract is also referred to as the

alimentary canal and GI tract

72
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The mechanically digests ingested food.

stomach

73
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Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

large intestine

74
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The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity

75
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76
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lubricates the cavity.

77
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decreases friction.

78
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prevents irritation.

79
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secretes peritoneal fluid.

80
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all of the above

all of the above

81
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Which of the following is classified as being either squamous or columnar?

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83
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digestive epithelium

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mucosa

85
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lamina propria

86
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muscularis mucosae

87
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submucosa

digestive epithelium

88
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Approximately liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the digestive system each day.

7

89
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What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

lesser omentum

90
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The secretion of acid and enzymes by the gastric mucosa is controlled and regulated by

the central nervous system, short reflexes coordinated in the stomach wall, and digestive tract hormones

91
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The small, semisolid mass of food formed during mastication is called a(n) .

bolus

92
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Your patient with liver failure has a firm rounded abdomen due to accumulation of fluid. This is known clinically as .

ascites

93
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The circumferential folds that encircle the digestive tract are known as .

plicae

94
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Match the term with its activity.

95
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  1. gallbladder
96
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  1. esophagus
97
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  1. pancreas
  1. gallbladder - stores bile
98
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  1. esophagus - transports material to stomach
99
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  1. pancreas - secretes digestive enzymes
100
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Mechanical digestion begins in the oral cavity; enzymatic digestion doesn't begin until food enters the stomach. Are these two statements true or false?

the first is true, the second is false