Period 6 Recall

American Federation of Labor

A union of skilled laborers formed by Samuel Gompers

Anarchism

Radical socialists who advocated for the violent overthrow of the government

Atlanta Compromise

Speech in Atlanta that outlined the philosophy that blacks should focus on economic gains, get an education, and learn skills so that they could advance in society, industry, and agriculture

Assimilation

Integration of a person into a society

Battle of Little Bighorn

Last major victory of Native American forces over the US army

Clash between the U.S. Army and Native American tribes in 1876. It resulted in a major victory for the Native Americans, including the Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne, led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, over General Custer's forces.

Capitalism

Capitalist owns the means of production and has the primary right to all profits

Workers paid in wages

Chinese Exclusion Act

Prohibited Chinese immigration and naturalization, the first law to restrict a specific ethnic group

Civil Service Act of 1883

System in which federal employees are chosen based on competitive exams

Corporation

Business owned by many people

Coxey’s Army

Supporters of populist Jacob Coxey, who marched on Washington and demanded that the government create jobs for the unemployed

Dawes Severalty Act

Authorized the federal government to break up tribal lands by partitioning them into individual plots (assimilation)

Only those Native Americans who accepted the individual allotments were allowed to become US citizens

Disenfranchisement

Depriving an individual of their rights/privileges (ex. right to vote)

Ghost Dance

A tradition dedicated to the deceased ancestors of Indians believed to strengthen them during their time of despair and need as they are forced out of their lands

Gilded Age

Age of immense industrialization and the imbalance of poverty and wealth

Second Industrial Revolution

Gold Standard

Based all currency on gold - all paper currency must be taken to a bank to be traded for gold

Grandfather Clause

Law that declared that if one's grandfather (typically a black's) could not vote, they could not vote either

Haymarket Affair

Labor rally in Chicago led by anarchists that turned violent after a bomb was thrown at an officer

Horizontal Expansion

Purchase of competing companies in the same industry

Interstate Commerce Commission

1887 bill that created America's first regulatory commission that regulated the railroad and railroad rates

Immigration Restriction League

Nativists who wanted to restrict immigration and to allow desirable groups in

Kansas Exodus/Exodusters

Former slaves (migrants) who settled in Colorado, Kansas, and Oklahoma, who took their name from the Exodus

Knights of Labor

First major labor organization in the United States. The Knights organized unskilled and skilled workers, campaigned for an eight hour workday, and aspired to form a cooperative society in which laborers owned the industries in which they worked.

Liberty of Contract

Liberties protected by the due process clause of the 14th amendment

Lost Cause

Believed that the South was in the right during the Civil War

Lynching

Violent acts of brutality and murder used as a scare tactic against freed men and women

Monopoly

Business competition where a business buys out all of their competitors until they rise to the top

Nativism

A strong hatred for those outside of one's culture (ex. America's nativism and hatred for Indians overtaking their lands)

New South

A new agrarian rise in the South after Reconstruction

Adapted to a new, modern economy

Plessy v. Ferguson

Case taken to the Supreme Court that ruled "separate but equal"

Populists/Populism

An agrarian based political movement that strived to improve conditions for farmers and agrarian workers

Robber Barons/Titans of Industry

Businessmen who would buy out smaller competitive businesses so they could be the top company

Separate but Equal

Stated that segregation was legal so long as it was equally separated (not giving either race an advantage)

Sherman Antitrust Act

Congressional legislation meant to break up industrial trusts such as JD Rockefeller and Standard Oil

Stated that any combination of businesses in the restraint of trade was illegal

Social Darwinism

Describes the practice of misapplying the biological evolutionary language to politics, economy, and society

Social Gospel

Christian faith practiced as a call not just to personal conversion but to social reform

Ex. The Hull House ran by Jane Addams

Socialism

Workers own the means of production and share the profits that come from their labor

Strike

An organization of employees who stop working as a form of protest, typically for the desire of less work hours or a higher wage

Suffrage

The right to vote in political elections

Tenements

Small apartment dwellings made out of necessity and were not up to par with living standards

Trusts

A union of businesses who worked together to overtake smaller companies

Vertical Integration

Purchase of companies at all levels of production

Wounded Knee Massacre

The last major armed conflict between the Lakota Sioux and the United States as a result of a shot being fired by mistake