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Biochemistry
chemistry unit 3
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Biology
Biochemistry
9th
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51 Terms
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1
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what are organic molecules
a molecule containing carbon and hydrogen, can have others but must have those
2
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carbohydrates
sugar molecules your body breaks down into Glucose, which is your body's main source of energy (CHO)
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lipids
compounds which are not soluble in water (fats, oils, waxes) (CHO)
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proteins
organic compounds mainly composed of C,H, O,N
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nucleic acids
macromolecules composed of nucleotides CHONP
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anabolic
building molecules by dehydration synthesis (water is removed) aka condensation
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catabolic
breakdown of molecules by hydrolysis (water is added)
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monomer
simple molecule, one building block (ex: simple sugar)
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polymer
made up of multiple monomers (Ex: starch)
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main functions of carbohydrates
energy and digestion
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what are the monomers for carbs
monosaccharides (simple sugars)
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disaccharide
any substance that is composed of 2 molecules of simple sugars linked to each other (Ex: lactose)
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polysaccharide
a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together (Ex: cellu
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what are the monomers for lipids
glycerol and fatty acids
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monomers for carbohydrates
monosaccharides
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four main polymer groups of lipids
Triglycerides (Fats and Oils) Waxes, Phosphiloids, and Steroids
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Triglycerides
-composed of glycerol and fatty acids
-stores unused calories and provide your body with energy
-found in fats and oils
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waxes
-Hydrophobic
-repel water
-protects skin and leaves on plants
-Ex: earwax
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phospholipids
-produces effective and stable barrier for a cell
-MAIN COMPONENT OF PLASMA MEMBRANE
-Ex: eggs, meat, protein
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steroid hormones
-made of hydrocarbon rings
-can pass through cell membrane
-testosterone is steroid
-needed by body to function
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saturated fats
have no double bonds, solid
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unsaturated fats
have a double bond in the H/C tail, liquid at room tempature
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are lipids soluble in water
no, lipids are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, and water is not organic
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what are the monomers for proteins
amino acids, there are 20 of some, some are essential, some are not
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what are the polymers of proteins called
polypeptides
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what bonds form between amino acids
peptide bonds
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what reaction causes peptide bonds
dehydration synthesis
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essential amino acids
cannot be made by body, must come from food, 9
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nonessential amino acids
produced by body, 11
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6 functions of proteins
-storage
-transportation
-regulatory
-movement
-structural
-enzymes (almost always a protein)
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what are the monomers of a nucleic acid
Nucleotides (CHONP)
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what are the 2 types
DNA and RNA
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DNA and its function
double helix strand, serves as genetic info needed for an organism to grow and develop
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RNA and its function
single strand, primary function of creating proteins via translation
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ATP
the universal energy in molecules
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large carbon molecules that are built from smaller simpler molecules
monomers
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large carbon molecules made of monomers
polymers
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large polymers
macromolecules
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what type of reaction links monomers to make polymers
condensation reaction
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condensation reactions involve the removal of a molecule of
water
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all life processes require a constant supply of..
energy
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ATP contains what 3 functional groups covalently bonded together?
3 phosphate groups
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in what 3 forms do carbohydrates exist?
monosaccharides, polysaccharides, disaccharides
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monomers of carbs
monosaccharides (simple sugars)
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what are double sugars called
disaccharide
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what forms a polysaccharide
combination of multiple monosaccharides, through glycosidic bond
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what 4 elements make up proteins
CHON
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monomers of proteins
amino acids
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the main difference in amino acid is their ___ group
R
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r group
An abbreviation for any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of the molecule.
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