chemistry unit 3

what are organic molecules

a molecule containing carbon and hydrogen, can have others but must have those

carbohydrates

sugar molecules your body breaks down into Glucose, which is your body's main source of energy (CHO)

lipids

compounds which are not soluble in water (fats, oils, waxes) (CHO)

proteins

organic compounds mainly composed of C,H, O,N

nucleic acids

macromolecules composed of nucleotides CHONP

anabolic

building molecules by dehydration synthesis (water is removed) aka condensation

catabolic

breakdown of molecules by hydrolysis (water is added)

monomer

simple molecule, one building block (ex: simple sugar)

polymer

made up of multiple monomers (Ex: starch)

main functions of carbohydrates

energy and digestion

what are the monomers for carbs

monosaccharides (simple sugars)

disaccharide

any substance that is composed of 2 molecules of simple sugars linked to each other (Ex: lactose)

polysaccharide

a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together (Ex: cellu

what are the monomers for lipids

glycerol and fatty acids

monomers for carbohydrates

monosaccharides

four main polymer groups of lipids

Triglycerides (Fats and Oils) Waxes, Phosphiloids, and Steroids

Triglycerides

-composed of glycerol and fatty acids
-stores unused calories and provide your body with energy
-found in fats and oils

waxes

-Hydrophobic
-repel water
-protects skin and leaves on plants
-Ex: earwax

phospholipids

-produces effective and stable barrier for a cell
-MAIN COMPONENT OF PLASMA MEMBRANE
-Ex: eggs, meat, protein

steroid hormones

-made of hydrocarbon rings
-can pass through cell membrane
-testosterone is steroid
-needed by body to function

saturated fats

have no double bonds, solid

unsaturated fats

have a double bond in the H/C tail, liquid at room tempature

are lipids soluble in water

no, lipids are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, and water is not organic

what are the monomers for proteins

amino acids, there are 20 of some, some are essential, some are not

what are the polymers of proteins called

polypeptides

what bonds form between amino acids

peptide bonds

what reaction causes peptide bonds

dehydration synthesis

essential amino acids

cannot be made by body, must come from food, 9

nonessential amino acids

produced by body, 11

6 functions of proteins

-storage
-transportation
-regulatory
-movement
-structural
-enzymes (almost always a protein)

what are the monomers of a nucleic acid

Nucleotides (CHONP)

what are the 2 types

DNA and RNA

DNA and its function

double helix strand, serves as genetic info needed for an organism to grow and develop

RNA and its function

single strand, primary function of creating proteins via translation

ATP

the universal energy in molecules

large carbon molecules that are built from smaller simpler molecules

monomers

large carbon molecules made of monomers

polymers

large polymers

macromolecules

what type of reaction links monomers to make polymers

condensation reaction

condensation reactions involve the removal of a molecule of

water

all life processes require a constant supply of..

energy

ATP contains what 3 functional groups covalently bonded together?

3 phosphate groups

in what 3 forms do carbohydrates exist?

monosaccharides, polysaccharides, disaccharides

monomers of carbs

monosaccharides (simple sugars)

what are double sugars called

disaccharide

what forms a polysaccharide

combination of multiple monosaccharides, through glycosidic bond

what 4 elements make up proteins

CHON

monomers of proteins

amino acids

the main difference in amino acid is their ___ group

R

r group

An abbreviation for any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of the molecule.