what are organic molecules
a molecule containing carbon and hydrogen, can have others but must have those
carbohydrates
sugar molecules your body breaks down into Glucose, which is your body's main source of energy (CHO)
lipids
compounds which are not soluble in water (fats, oils, waxes) (CHO)
proteins
organic compounds mainly composed of C,H, O,N
nucleic acids
macromolecules composed of nucleotides CHONP
anabolic
building molecules by dehydration synthesis (water is removed) aka condensation
catabolic
breakdown of molecules by hydrolysis (water is added)
monomer
simple molecule, one building block (ex: simple sugar)
polymer
made up of multiple monomers (Ex: starch)
main functions of carbohydrates
energy and digestion
what are the monomers for carbs
monosaccharides (simple sugars)
disaccharide
any substance that is composed of 2 molecules of simple sugars linked to each other (Ex: lactose)
polysaccharide
a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together (Ex: cellu
what are the monomers for lipids
glycerol and fatty acids
monomers for carbohydrates
monosaccharides
four main polymer groups of lipids
Triglycerides (Fats and Oils) Waxes, Phosphiloids, and Steroids
Triglycerides
-composed of glycerol and fatty acids -stores unused calories and provide your body with energy -found in fats and oils
waxes
-Hydrophobic -repel water -protects skin and leaves on plants -Ex: earwax
phospholipids
-produces effective and stable barrier for a cell -MAIN COMPONENT OF PLASMA MEMBRANE -Ex: eggs, meat, protein
steroid hormones
-made of hydrocarbon rings -can pass through cell membrane -testosterone is steroid -needed by body to function
saturated fats
have no double bonds, solid
unsaturated fats
have a double bond in the H/C tail, liquid at room tempature
are lipids soluble in water
no, lipids are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, and water is not organic
what are the monomers for proteins
amino acids, there are 20 of some, some are essential, some are not
what are the polymers of proteins called
polypeptides
what bonds form between amino acids
peptide bonds
what reaction causes peptide bonds
dehydration synthesis
essential amino acids
cannot be made by body, must come from food, 9
nonessential amino acids
produced by body, 11
6 functions of proteins
-storage -transportation -regulatory -movement -structural -enzymes (almost always a protein)
what are the monomers of a nucleic acid
Nucleotides (CHONP)
what are the 2 types
DNA and RNA
DNA and its function
double helix strand, serves as genetic info needed for an organism to grow and develop
RNA and its function
single strand, primary function of creating proteins via translation
ATP
the universal energy in molecules
large carbon molecules that are built from smaller simpler molecules
monomers
large carbon molecules made of monomers
polymers
large polymers
macromolecules
what type of reaction links monomers to make polymers
condensation reaction
condensation reactions involve the removal of a molecule of
water
all life processes require a constant supply of..
energy
ATP contains what 3 functional groups covalently bonded together?
3 phosphate groups
in what 3 forms do carbohydrates exist?
monosaccharides, polysaccharides, disaccharides
monomers of carbs
monosaccharides (simple sugars)
what are double sugars called
disaccharide
what forms a polysaccharide
combination of multiple monosaccharides, through glycosidic bond
what 4 elements make up proteins
CHON
monomers of proteins
amino acids
the main difference in amino acid is their ___ group
R
r group
An abbreviation for any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of the molecule.