Scientists for the CBNS120 Final

Santiago Ramon y Cajal

What did they do?

• Neuron Doctrine

• Principle of Dynamic Polarization

Sakmann & Neher

What did they do?

• Invented the patch clamp

Rodrick Mackinnon

What did they do?

• Discovered the filter selectivity for ions

J.Z. Young

What did he do?

• Discovered giant squid axon was the best model for intracellular recordings

• Laid the ground work for resting membrane potential experiment but never followed through

Baker, Hodgkin & Shaw

What did he do?

• Were the first to record resting membrane potential

Julius Bernstein

What did he do?

• Measured injury potentials

• supported his theory that resting membrane potential is caused by ionic gradients and selective permeability

K.S. Cole

What did he do?

• Invented the Voltage Clamp

Hodgkin & Huxley

What did he do?

• Changed different currents and measured voltages throughout an AP

• Created an equation that allowed you to see ionic events during an AP

William Thomson “Lord Kelvin”

What did he do?

• Invented Cable theory

• Trans-Atlantic Cable

Furshpan & Potter

What did he do?

• Discovered rectifying electrical synapse in crayfish

  • Crayfish tail flip that initiates fast escape behavior

Otto Loewi

What did he do?

• Frog Hearts

• Found ACh was neurotransmitter responsible for chemical neurotransmission

John Eccles

What did he do?

• Direct Inhibitory chemical synaptic transmission of cat spine

Bullock & Hagiwara

What did he do?

• Discovered that Ca++ is needed to fire an AP

Fatt & Katz

What did he do?

• Discovered quantal release of neurotransmitters

• Observed changes in EPP by lowering extracellular Ca++

Rodolfo Llinas

What did he do?

• Discovered that Ca++ entry sites are located in presynaptic active zones of the presynaptic terminal

Heuser et al.

What did he do?

• Used cryopress to observe quantal release

Lowenstein & Mendelson

What did he do?

• discovered adaptation of Pacinian Corpuscles

George von Bekesy

What did he do?

• Discovered low frequency sound causes greatest vibration at apex and high sound causes greatest vibrations at base of the cochlea

George Wald

What did he do?

• Discovered light-induced isomerization of retinal

Charles Sherrington

What did he do?

• Coined the term “synapse”

• Synapse = what nerve cell-cell communicate through with each other