21st CENTURY LITERATURE MIDTERM EXAM

PHILIPPINE PRECOLONIAL LITERATURE

These literatures tells us the stories, beliefs, and experiences of our ancestors.

PROVERBS

These are practical observations and philosophy of everyday life. It is meant to entertain while teaching basic skills in surviving local life.

RIDDLES

This type of Precolonial Literature demands to answer and are used to test the wits of those who are listening to them.

FOLKSONGS

These are songs that are informal expressions of our ancestors’ experiences in life.

TALES

These are stories of origins for anything and their creations. These are also known as myths and legends.

EPICS

These are long winded poems or stories about a hero and their adventures.

SPANISH COLONIAL PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

It is focused on the society and culture as reflected and affected by Catholic Faith.

CORRIDO

A legendary religious narrative that details the lives of saints or history of tradition.

EIGHT SYLLABLES

The number of syllables in a Corrido

AWIT

A chivalric poem about a hero, usually about a saint. It is sung in religious processions.

PASYON

A narrative poem about the life of Jesus Christ.

CENACULO

The dramatization of the passion of Christ. It highlights the sufferings and death of Jesus Christ.

MORO-MORO

Also known as, “Comedia de Capa y Espada.” A melodrama depicting the conflict of Christians and Muslims.

CARILLO

A play that uses the shadow as the main spectacle.

TIBAG

The dramatic reenactment of St. Helena’s search for the Holy Cross.

FLORES DE MAYO

It is when the Tibag is usually staged.

DUPLO

Also known as, “Karagatan.” These are native dramas that are connected to Catholic mourning rituals and harvest celebrations.

ZARZUELAS

These are musical comedies or melodramas that deal with the elemental passions of human beings.

POETIC LISCENSE

This describes how a poet can grammatically use a word, ignore the use of grammar, and invent words.

SENSE AND IMAGES

These are used to describe the impressions of their topic or object of writing.

DICTION

The denotative and connotative meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence.

DENOTATION

The literal meaning of a word in a sentence, phrase, or paragraph.

CONNOTATION

The emotional or implied meaning of a word in a sentence, phrase, or paragraph.

RHYME SCHEME

It is how the author arranges words in a stanza to create a coherent sound.

SPEAKER

Refers to the voice of the poem.

COUPLET RHYME

Rhyme scheme wherein it can be expressed as AABB.

ALTERNATE RHYME

Rhyme scheme wherein Line 1 rhymes with Line 3, Line 2 rhymes with Line 4.

ENCLOSED RHYME

Rhyme scheme wherein it can be expressed as ABBA.

MONORHYME

Rhyme scheme wherein all lines rhyme.

SIMPLE 4-LINE

Rhyme scheme where only Line 2 and Line 4 rhyme.

SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET

A 14-Line English poem with Three Quatrains and a Concluding Sonnet.

PETRARCHAN SONNET

A 14-Line Italian poem with an octave, sestet, and a volta.

ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

The rhyme scheme of a Shakespearean Sonnet

ABBAABBA CDE

The rhyme scheme of a Petrarchan Sonnet

STRUCTURE

The arrangement of words and lines to form a poem.

WORD ORDER

The natural and unnatural arrangement of words in a poem.

21ST-CENTURY LITERARY GENRES

Modern forms of literature that have developed or become more popular in response to the changing world.

FLASH FICTION

A very short fictional story. The maximum limit is 1,500 words.

1,500 WORDS

The maximum limit of a flash fiction.

SPOKEN WORD POETRY

Poetry written to be performed aloud before an audience.

CREATIVE NONFICTION

Combines factual information and real experiences with literary techniques commonly found in fiction.

MEMOIRS

Personal accounts that focus on a specific period, moment, or meaningful experience.

PERSONAL ESSAYS

Reflective pieces in which the writer shares thoughts, opinions, or experiences to express insights.

LITERARY JOURNALISM

A form of nonfiction that reports real people, places, and events using storytelling techniques.

PERSONAL NARRATIVES

First-person stories that recount a real personal experience, emphasizing events, emotions, and personal growth.

EDITORIAL

A piece of writing that expresses the opinion or position of a publication about an important issue or topic.

FEATURE ARTICLE

An engaging article that explores a person, place, event, or idea in greater depth.

HUMAN-INTEREST STORY

A story that focuses on people, their experiences, emotions, and struggles to create an emotional connection with readers.

PHOTO ESSAY

Series of photographs arranged to tell a story or communicate an idea, usually supported by captions.

NEWS FEATURE

A journalistic piece that presents a current event or issue in a more detailed, narrative, and engaging way than a normal news report.

REFLECTION OR COLUMN

A personal piece in which the writer shares thoughts, insights, or opinions about an experience, issue, or topic.

DIGITAL LITERATURE

Refers to literary works that are created specifically for or presented through digital technology.

HYPERTEXT FICTION

A form of digital literature that uses hyperlinks to connect different parts to a story. They may be able to read in a non-fixed order.

GRAPHIC NARRATIVES

Tells stories through a combination of words and visual images.

BLOGS

A regularly updated online platform where a person or group publishes written content.

MULTIMEDIA LITERATURE

Combines multiple forms of media to create a literary experience.

CONTEXT

Refers to the circumstances, background, or conditions surrounding a literary work. It helps us understand why a text was written.

LITERARY CONTEXT

Refers to the relationship of a literary work with other literary works, genres, movements, or traditions.

BIOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT

Refers to the author’s background that may have influenced the literary work.

LINGUISTIC CONTEXT

Focuses on the language, vocabulary, expressions, sentence, structures, dialects, and word choices used in a literary work.

SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT

Refers to the society, culture, tradition, beliefs, and values surrounding a literary work.

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

Refers to the events happening during the time a text was written.