Key Concepts from Modern World History (1200-Present)

Flashcards covering key concepts, events, and movements from world history between 1200 and the present.

What was the dominant philosophy during the Song Dynasty that guided its social structure?

Confucianism, emphasizing hierarchical relationships and filial piety.

What were the key innovations in agriculture during the Song Dynasty?

The introduction of Champa rice which could be harvested multiple times a year.

What was the significance of the Grand Canal during the Song Dynasty?

It facilitated trade and communication within China.

How did the Islamic empire under the Abbasids contribute to scholarship during its Golden Age?

They preserved and translated Greek and Roman works, established the House of Wisdom, and made significant advances in philosophy and science.

What is the Pax Mongolica?

A period of peace under Mongol rule that allowed for increased trade and cultural exchange across the Silk Road.

What were the economic principles driving European exploration in the 15th century?

Mercantilism, which prioritized extracting wealth from colonies and establishing favorable trade balances.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The transfer of crops, animals, diseases, and ideas between the New and Old Worlds following European exploration.

What was the role of joint-stock companies during early colonial expansions?

They allowed multiple investors to fund colonization ventures while limiting individual risk.

What were some social effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Increase in urban population, emergence of a working class, and changes in family structures.

How did socialism react to capitalism during the Industrial Revolution?

Socialism emerged as a response advocating for economic equality and workers' rights against capitalist exploitations.

What caused the rise of nationalism during the 19th century?

Shared language, culture, and common goals among people led to a desire for self-rule and independence.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles after World War I?

It imposed harsh reparations and territorial losses on Germany, leading to tensions that contributed to World War II.

What is considered one of the root causes of the Cold War?

Conflicting ideologies of capitalism (USA) against communism (USSR) augmented by mutual distrust.

What was the Green Revolution?

A period of agricultural transformation that increased food production through the use of new technologies and practices.

What was one effect of globalization on cultural practices?

The spread of consumer culture where identity and social status became linked to consumption rather than production.

How did environmentalism emerge as a global movement?

As a response to the detrimental effects of industrialization, advocating for sustainable practices and protection of natural resources.

What was the major goal of the United Nations after WWII?

To prevent future wars and promote international cooperation on issues such as human rights and economic development.