Public Parks and Open Spaces - A Planning and Development Guide (1)

Spanish Colonial Era

Refers to the period when the Philippines was under Spanish rule, characterized by the influence of Spanish culture, architecture, and governance.

Jardin Botanico

A five-hectare garden in the Philippines during the Spanish era used for testing plant propagation and also served as a park for the locals.

Rizal Park

Formerly known as Bagumbayan, it was transformed into an open space after being razed to the ground, now known as Rizal Park or Luneta, a significant leisure and social gathering space in Manila.

Daniel Burnham

An American architect and urban planner who designed plans for Manila and Baguio during the American period, focusing on creating public open spaces and park systems.

Burnham Plan

A comprehensive urban plan for Manila and Baguio created by Daniel Burnham, aiming to provide grand civic spaces, monuments, and breathing spaces for the people.

Quezon Memorial Circle

A park in Quezon City, originally part of the plans for the new capital complex during the Commonwealth period, intended to be a significant green space and leisure area.

Louis Croft

A landscape architect and planner involved in post-World War II planning in Manila, advocating for the preservation of historical districts and the creation of central parks.

Third Republic

Refers to the period in Philippine history following its independence from the United States, characterized by efforts to rebuild the country and establish its identity.

Independence Grandstand

A notable construction during the Third Republic period, built in front of the Rizal Monument to symbolize the country's independence.

Quirino Grandstand

Formerly named the Independence Grandstand, it was another significant construction during the Third Republic period.

Philippine International Fair of 1953

The first international world exposition held in Asia, showcasing pavilions from foreign countries and Philippine provinces.

Batasang Pambansa

The government complex planned during the Third Republic period, located around what is now Batasan, which was one of the projects that came to fruition.

Rizal Park

A historical park in Manila that saw various developments and additions over the years, including the Aluminum Spire and the National Library.

Fort Santiago

A historical public space in Intramuros that underwent improvements and became a significant site during the Third Republic period.

Paco Park

A park that was renovated and became a popular venue for weddings and live performances after being rediscovered post-war.

Quezon Memorial Circle

A memorial park established during the Third Republic period to honor President Quezon, with slow progress due to budgetary concerns.

Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife

A park that emerged during the Third Republic period, established on land left unused after the cancellation of the first planned Capitol complex.

Rizal Park

A premier park in the Philippines that has undergone changes over the years, losing some amenities but still attracting large numbers of visitors.

National Parks Development Committee

The organization managing Rizal Park with the aim of setting an example for developing effective public parks.

Public Open Space

Land designated for public recreation, leisure, or parklands, including both passive and active open spaces.

Privately-Owned Public Open Space (POPOS)

Publicly accessible open spaces provided and maintained by private developers for community use.

Active Open Space

Areas designated for sports activities like basketball courts, stadiums, and sports complexes.

Passive Open Space

Areas like parks, gardens, nature reserves, and public squares for passive recreation and unstructured physical activities.

Open Space

Areas within cities or municipalities that are designated for public use and recreation, varying based on the specific setting and characteristics of the location.

Urban Built-Up Areas

Well-established areas in the center of a city or municipality, often containing major roads and the central business district.

Growth Areas

Areas at the fringe of urban built-up areas where further urban expansion is expected, including lands that may have been used for industries or commercial purposes.

Peri-Urban Areas

Non-urban lands close to cities' growth areas, with connections to urban areas and hinterlands.

Regional Areas

Smaller municipalities and farming communities, including peri-urban areas and expanding growth boundaries into rural areas.

Land Ownership

Different types of land ownership such as public, national government-owned, provincial government-owned, city/municipality-owned, and privately owned land.

Primary Use of Open Space

The main purpose for which open space is designated, such as conservation & heritage, natural & semi-natural landscapes, parklands & gardens, linear parks, active open spaces, and civic spaces.

Utilities and Services

Land reserved for urban and non-urban infrastructure for utilities and services, such as main water pipelines, power line easements, and cemeteries.

Coastal Areas and Beaches

Areas reserved for the conservation of natural areas and coastal systems, protecting from storm surge and tsunamis, and for beach-related activities.

Catchment Area

The sphere of influence of open space in terms of travel, use, and its role within the open space system, considering factors like distance, travel time, and level of service.

Small or Local Parks

Open spaces serving small catchment areas within safe walking distances, ranging from 150m to 300m, with examples like parklands and gardens.

Sub-District Parks

Open spaces serving multiple neighborhoods, offering a wide range of recreational activities, with sizes ranging from 5-6 hectares to 10 hectares.

Municipal Parks

Open spaces catering to the needs of an entire city or municipality, generally located at a minimum of 2km from residences and requiring access by public transport or vehicles.

National Parks

Open spaces serving intra-region catchments or the entire country, usually associated with environmental, cultural, or landscape values, and managed by the national government.

Land Capability Assessment

Assessment necessary for sites over 5 hectares or with road construction, involving determining erosion risk, engineering risks, and mitigation measures.

Land Suitability

Assessment of how suitable a particular site is for a specific use, considering factors like proximity to population centers, attractiveness of landscape, and cultural value.

Land Suitability

The assessment of whether land is suitable for the intended open space use, considering both current and future needs, as well as national laws and requirements.

Encumbered Land

Land that is not suitable for development purposes due to various restrictions such as easements, drainage-ways, flood-prone areas, conservation zones, etc.

Unencumbered Land

Land that is suitable for open space development without any restrictions or encumbrances.

Primary Functions

The main intended uses of a site, which should be identified when considering the use of encumbered land for open space.

Secondary Functions

Additional uses of a site that can complement the primary functions, especially when dealing with encumbered land.

Linear Reserve

A type of open space use that can be suitable for flood-prone or disaster danger zones along rivers and creeks.

Biodiversity

The variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat, which is important to consider when assessing land for open space provision.

Conservation Areas

Land designated for the protection and preservation of natural resources, which may be considered encumbered for recreational use but hold significant ecological value.

Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

A plan mandated by the Local Government Code for LGUs to guide land use and development, including the provision of parks and open spaces.

Zoning Ordinances (ZO)

Regulations set by LGUs to control the use of land and structures within their jurisdiction, including provisions for parks and open spaces.

National Building Code

A set of standards that prescribe requirements for the planning and design of parks and open spaces in various types of developments.

Public Open Space

Areas designated for public use, such as parks, greenbelts, forests, and playgrounds, provided by LGUs for the welfare of their constituents.

HLURB

Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, which provides guidelines for incorporating parks and open spaces in the Land Use Plans of LGUs.

P.D

Laws that require landowners and developers to allocate a minimum percentage of land for roads and open spaces in development projects.

Open Space Planning

Focuses on creating and protecting a network of public open spaces for recreation and conservation purposes within urban areas.

Open Space Management

Involves the management and protection of public open spaces to ensure their sustainability and usability for the community.

Public Open Space Provision

Refers to the objectives of providing a network of quality, well-distributed, multi-functional, and cost-effective public open spaces that cater to a broad range of users, encourage healthy and active communities, and ensure sustainable management of land for public open spaces.

Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

A plan that outlines objectives, policies, strategies, and plans for open space set out by cities and municipalities to guide the provision of public open spaces.

Active Open Space

Open spaces of at least 5 hectares in area within 1 kilometer of dwellings, designed for specific uses like sports, with access to water supply and community facilities.

Linear Parks and Trails

Parks and trails along waterways, vegetation corridors, and road rights-of-way within 1 kilometer of dwellings to provide recreational opportunities.

City/Municipal Open Space Plan

A plan formulated by cities and municipalities to identify supply and demand requirements for open spaces, inform local planning policies, and contribute to sustainable land use development.

Open Space Planning Considerations

Factors to consider in open space planning such as assessing existing conditions, identifying needs, community engagement, understanding trends, and developing strategic priorities.

Principles of Open Space Planning

Key principles including social inclusion, community engagement, accessibility, sustainability, multi-functionality, and environmental protection to guide the planning and design of open spaces.

Open Space Planning

The process of strategically planning and managing open spaces within a city or municipality to meet various objectives such as environmental conservation, recreation, and community well-being.

LGU (Local Government Unit)

Refers to the local administrative body or government organization responsible for governing a specific city, municipality, or region.

CLUP (Comprehensive Land Use Plan)

A detailed land use plan that guides the development and land use decisions within a city or municipality.

Stakeholders

Individuals, groups, or organizations that have an interest or concern in the outcomes of a particular project or initiative.

Community Engagement

Involving and collaborating with community members, stakeholders, and residents in the decision-making processes related to planning and development projects.

GIS (Geographic Information System)

A system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data.

Sustainability

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, often incorporating environmental, social, and economic considerations.

Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches

Different methods of data collection and analysis that involve subjective descriptions and objective measurements, respectively.

Public Participation

Involving the public in decision-making processes, ensuring their voices are heard, and their inputs influence the outcomes.

Community Consultation Framework

A structured approach or set of guidelines for engaging with the community and stakeholders in planning and decision-making processes.

Open Space Demand

The need for public spaces within urban areas for recreational, social, and environmental purposes.

Community Expectations

The anticipated requirements and desires of the residents regarding open space provision and management.

Resourcing Pressures

The challenges faced by Local Government Units (LGUs) in funding the development, maintenance, and management of open spaces.

Urban Design Initiatives

Projects and plans that redefine the concept of open space to include various types of public areas beyond traditional parks.

Disaster Risk Reduction

Measures taken to minimize the impact of disasters on open spaces and communities.

Indigenous Cultural Assets

Recognizing and preserving the cultural heritage of indigenous communities within open spaces.

Water Management Strategies

Techniques and practices aimed at sustainable water use in open spaces, including irrigation, stormwater treatment, and conservation.

Alternative Transport Forms

Increasing focus on modes of transportation other than private vehicles, influencing the design and use of open spaces.

Microclimate Conditions

The unique climate characteristics provided by green spaces and their importance in urban environments.

Climate Change Resilience

Strategies to adapt open spaces to climate change effects, such as emergency evacuation areas and water conservation methods.

Davao City

A city in Mindanao and the Asia-Pacific region aiming to become a modern, vibrant, and well-planned settlement and investment center, with a focus on sustainable growth and development.

CLUP

Comprehensive Land Use Plan, a document that guides the development and land use of a city or municipality.

Public Open Spaces

Areas within a city designated for public use, such as parks, recreation areas, and green spaces.

Angeles People's Park

A park in Angeles City developed from an unused PNR station, involving community participation and negotiation with the PNR for land use.

Iloilo City Zoning Ordinance

Legislation in Iloilo City requiring subdivisions to provide tree-planted strips along roads and open spaces, emphasizing the importance of green areas in urban planning.

Cebu City Parks and Playgrounds Commission

A body responsible for maintaining parks and open spaces in Cebu City, with a vision to make the city the cleanest and greenest garden city in the nation.

Public-Private Partnership

A collaboration between a government entity and a private sector company to work together on a project or service, with each party contributing resources, expertise, and sharing in the risks and rewards.

Urban Greening

The process of adding green spaces such as parks, gardens, and trees to urban areas to improve the environment, quality of life, and sustainability of the city.

MillionTreesNYC

A public-private initiative in New York City that aimed to plant over 1 million trees across the city to expand the urban forest, improve public health, and enhance the environment.

Pasil Children's Park

A playground in Cebu that was transformed from an old fish market site through a public-private partnership, providing sports facilities and recreational space for the community.

Ortigas Central Elevated Plaza

A park project in Pasig City, Philippines, built above a busy intersection to create green spaces in urban areas where land for traditional parks is limited.

Barcelona Green Network

A project in Barcelona, Spain, aimed at creating a seamless habitat for urban fauna by linking existing green spaces and corridors to improve the city's environment and quality of life.