Introduction of the Respiratory System

Chapter 53

What are some of the protective features of the upper respiratory tract?

Hairs tht filter the air, goblet cells that produce mucus to trap material, cilia move the trapped material toward the throat for swallowing and cough/sneeze reflexes clear the airways.

Wha is a cough relfex?

When the walls of the trachea and conducting bronchi are highly sensitive to irritation. The receptors in the walls are stimulated and CNS reflex initiated.

What is the sneeze relfex?

Initiated by receptors in the nasal cavity and forces foreign material directly out of the system

What are the three layers of the bronchial tubes?

Cartilage, muscle and epithelial cells

What is the process of respiration?

Controlled throught he medulla in CNS, depends on a balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

What are some upper respiratory tract conditions?

The common cold, seasonal rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis.

What are 4 obstructive pulmonary diseases?

Asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

What is COPD, what causes it and how does it present?

1. This is a permanent chronic obstruction of the airways.

2. It is often causes by cigarette smoking as well as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

3. It presents as airflow obstruction on expiration, which causes overinflated lungs and poor gas exchange.