Parts of a Cell

Cytosol

intracellular fluid surrounding organelles

Organelles

specialized structures within a cell

Cytoskeleton

network of protein filaments throughout cytosol that provides structural support for the cell

Centrosome

located near the nucleus, consists of two centrioles and pericentriolar material

Cilia

short, hair like projections from cell surface that move fluids along cell surface

Flagella

longer than cilia that moves entire cell (only sperm)

Ribosomes

sites of protein synthesis

Endoplasmic reticulum

network of membranes in the shape of flattened sac or tubules

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Sooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (er)

connected to nuclear envelop, series of flattened sacs, and surface is studded with ribosomes, and produces various proteins

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

network of membrane tubules, doesn’t have ribosomes, synthesizes fatty acids and steroids, and detoxifies certain drugs

Golgi complex

consists of 3-20 flattened membranous sacs (cistern) and modifies, sorts, and packaged proteins for transport

Lysosomes

form Golgi complex and contain powerful digestive enzymes

Peroxisomes

detoxify several toxic substances and are abundant in liver

Proteasomes

continuously destroys unneeded, damaged or faulty proteins and is found in the cytosol and nucleus

Mitochondria

powerhouse of the cells, generates ATP, and is prevalent in muscles, liver, and kidneys, contains own DNA

Cristae

series of folds in inner membrane

Matrix

large central fluid-filled cavity

Nucleus

spherical or oval shaped and is most prominent feature of a cell

Nuclear envelope

double membrane that separates the nucleus from cytoplasm

nuclear pores

opening in nuclear envelop that control movement of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm

Nucleolus

spherical body that produces ribosomes

Genes

cell’s hereditary units, controls activities and structure of a cell

Chromosomes

long. molecules of DNA combined with protein molecules