Chapter 26 Koepke Urinary System

Functions of the Urinary system

Execrete metabolic wastes and foreign substances

Regulates blood ionic composition

Regulates blood pH, volume, and pressure

RAA system activation

Cacitrol and erthropoieten production

Gluconeogenesis

What is hte functional unit of the kidney

Nephron

What is the flow of urine

Nephron, minor calyx, major calyc, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Kidneys receive how much of resting cardiac output

20-25%

How much is renal flow

1.2 L per minute

What happens during glomeruler filtration

Water and small solutes (glucose, amino acids, ions, wastes) move into bowmans capsule and then into the renal tube

What happens during tubular reabsorbtion

Useful solutes get reabsorbed into the peritubular cappillaries like glucose and other important ions. Main location is the proximal convoluted tube but associate with peritubular capillaries

What happens during tubular secretion

More wastes, H+, and K+ are removed from the filtrate. Associate with peritubular capillaries

Which is bigger, the afferent arteriole or the efferent arteriole

Afferent arteriole is larger, this causes a net filtration pressure of 10

What hormones are involved with hormonal regulation of filtration and what do they do

Angiotensin II: decreases urine production. Vasocontrictor

Atrial Natiuretic peptide: increases urine production. Vasodialtor. Essentially the opposite of Aldosterone.

What type of NS stimulation decreases urine production

Sympathetic stimulation

Proximal convoluted tubule does what

Puts good stuff from filtrate back into bloodstream

65% of water, 100% of glucose and amino acids, ions like sodium chloride potassium also reabsorbed

Descending limb

15% of water reabsorbed

Ascending limb

Sodium potassium and cloride reabsorbed

Distal convoluted tubule

Stimulated by parathyroid hormone which causes reabsorbtion of calcium

Collecting duct

Stimulated by aldosterone and ADH

Reabsorbs water and sodium

Maintains pH of blood by secreting H+ ions

Secretes potassium

What does glucose in the urine indicate?

Could be a sign of diabetes mellitus

What does RBC in the urine indicate?

Possible pathological condition. For example, inflammation of urinary organs or kidney stones

What does ketone bodies being found in urine indicate?

Indicates diabetes mellitus, anorexia, too little carbs in diet. Body is not receiving enough glucose, so it breaks down fats for energy

CLoudy urine can indicate what?

Dehydration, UTI, kidney stones

What is hte most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid

Na+

What is the most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid

K+

What is the most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid

Cl-

What is the most important indicator of respiratory function

Pco2 levels

What is the most important indicator of renal function

Bicarbonate levels