PEPC 10 - Module 1 Lecture 2 The Human Body and Directional Terminology

1. head and neck

2. front of trunk (anterior)

3. back of trunk (posterior)

4. arms

5. legs

6. shoulder girdle (pectoral)

7. hip girdle (pelvic)

name 7 major regions and parts of the body

anatomical landmarks

can be located repeatedly with high accuracy and precision that they serve as reliable starting points

anatomy directional terms

used by professionals to accurately describe position of one body part in relation of another

anatomical position

standard reference position to explain locations and regions accurately

1. right

2. left

3. midline

4. proximal

5. distal

6. medial

7. lateral

name 7 body regions

midline

vertical line that divides left and right side

medial

body region towards the midline

lateral

body region away from midline

proximal

body region closer to point of attachment

distal

body region further from point of attachment

visceral

skin of internal organs

superficial

external; skin toward/on body surface

deep

internal; skin away from body surface

superior

cephalic; toward top/head

inferior

caudal; away from top/head

1. transverse plane

2. sagittal plane

3. frontal (coronal) plane

name 3 body planes

transverse

horizontal plane divides body into superior and inferior portions and perpendicular to longitudinal axis of body

median/sagittal/midsagittal

vertical plane that passes through midline of body and divides body into left and right

frontal/coronal

vertical plane divides body into anterior and posterior portions

1. forward-backward

2. side-to-side

3. rotational

name 3 planes of motion

planes of motion

movements following along/parallel to the body planes

forward-backward

movements that occur within the sagittal plane

side-to-side

movements fall within the coronal or frontal plane

rotational

movements occur within the transverse plane

axes

imaginary lines around which body parts rotate within specific planes. either runs through a plane or is perpendicular or runs along a plane and is parallel.

1. longtitudinal axis

2. sagittal axis

3. transverse axis

name 3 axes

longtitudinal axis

vertical axis that runs through the bodys center from head to feet. movements around this axis are rotational

sagittal axis

horizontal axis that runs from front to back. movements around this axis are side to side

transverse axis

horizontal axis that runs from side to side. movements around this axis are forward and backward

transverse plane

plane used in longitudinal axis

sagittal plane

plane used in transverse axis

frontal/coronal plane

plane used in sagittal axis

longitudinal axis

axis used by transverse plane

transverse axis

axis used by sagittal plane

sagittal axis

axis used by frontal/coronal plane

1. flexions

2. extension

3. hyperextension

name 3 sagittal plane movements

flexion

sagittal plane movement that is anteriorly directed

extension

sagittal plane movement that returns body segment to anatomical position from flexion

hyperextension

sagittal plane movement that is the rotation beyond anatomical position opposite direction of flexion

1. abduction

2. adduction

3. lateral flexion

4. elevation and depression

5. inversion and eversion

6. radial and ulnar deviation

name 6 frontal plane movements

abduction

frontal plane movement that goes away from body

adduction

frontal plane movement that means to bring back to body

lateral flexion

frontal plane movement

elevation

frontal plane movement

depression

frontal plane movement

ulnar deviation

frontal plane movement

radial deviation

frontal plane movement

inversion

frontal plane movement

eversion

frontal plane movement

1. left and right rotation

2. medial and lateral rotation

3. supination and pronation

4. horizontal abduction and adduction

name 4 transverse plane movements

medial rotation

transverse plane movement

lateral rotation

transverse plane movement

pronation

transverse plane movement

supination

transverse plane movement

horizontal adduction

transverse plane movement

horizontal abduction

transverse plane movmeent