Addiction Exam 1

Demographic with the highest rate of illicit drug use

Mixed race then American Indian/Alaska Native individuals

Age group with highest use of illicit drugs

18-24

Advantage of performing animal research

Provides important information about the way's drugs work.

Examine the brain mechanisms using animal models.

Enables scientists to set up rigorously controlled research designs

Can allow us to test the effects of drugs on a living body before they are tested on humans

Disadvantage of performing animal research

Generalizability to humans?

Ethical concerns—IACUC is responsible for the oversight of the animal care and use program

Blacks and the law

Blacks use less drugs than whites yet incarcerated more than 6 times and arrested more than 2 times

Phase 1

Safety with 20 to 100 volunteers

Phase 2

Efficacy with 100 to 500 volunteers

Phase 3

Pharmakinesis with 1000 or more volunteers

most used drug in the U.S., even with all illicit drugs combined

Alcohol

When MLDA goes down

drunk driving deaths go up when

How many countries have MLDA set to 21

12

Drug level of harm

Most Alcohol, Heronin, Cocaine, Tobacco, Cannabis, Ecstasy, LSD

Will not occur if convicted of drug offense

University diploma invalid

Harm reduction policy

Most harm reduction policies seek to reduce the health risks associated with drug use, reduce the overcrowding of prisons, and focus on treatment rather than punishment.

When comparing the United States to other countries, for which of the following drugs does the United States have the highest percentage of the population that uses the drug?

Opioids

1906 Pure Food and Drug Act

Forced the patent medicine industry to label the amount of alcohol, opium, cocaine, and other habit-forming drugs contained in the compound. This act was the first law to allow the government some oversight of the drug marketplace

1914 Harrison Narcotics Act

Decreed that physicians and pharmacists had to be licensed to prescribe narcotics, that they must register with the U.S. Treasury Department and keep records of the narcotic drugs they dispensed, and that they could prescribe only in the course of their medical practice

Synaptic vesicles fuse with the membrane of a neuron to release a neurotransmitter as a result of voltage-gated channels that allow the influx of which ion?

Calcium

During action potential which ion are moved

Sodium moves inside and potassium moves out

Basal ganglia

Balance, posture, coordination

Medulla

Basic vegetative processes: breathing, heartbeat, swallowing, coughing

Which of the following does not relate to pharmacokinetics?

 

How well a drug binds to a receptor

Drug efficacy is

maximum height on a graph