Digestive System Questions

oropharynx

Central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis; main function is swallowing

laryngopharynx

extends from the hyoid bone to the larynx/epiglottis; where both food and air pass

esophagus

muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

stomach

muscular structure that serves mainly to store food, break it up mechanically, and begin chemical digestion of proteins

mouth

oral cavity that begins preparation of food for digestion

small intestine

Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

large intestine

The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

submandibular glands

salivary glands located under the jaw

parotid gland

salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear

sublingual glands

smallest of the salivary glands buried in the anterior region of the floor of the oral cavity

salivary glands

three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva, a mixture of mucus, buffers, lyzosyme, and amylase

gallbladder

A digestive accessory organ that stores and concentrates bile

liver

A large solid organ that lies in the right upper quadrant immediately below the diaphragm; it produces bile

glossopharyngeal nerve

cranial nerve that innervates the parotid gland

mucosa

The innermost layer of the human digestive tract; in some parts of the digestive system, it contains mucus-secreting cells and glands that secrete digestive enzymes

muscularis externa

Consists of two layers of smooth muscle, an inner circular layers and an outer longitudinal layer along the digestive tract; functions in peristalsis and mixing movements

adventitia

A thin layer of loose connective tissue that binds the outermost portion of a digestive organ/structure to surrounding tissues or organs; anchors

pancreas

An organ of the digestive system that produces a fluid that neutralizes stomach acid and digestive enzymes, such as amylase, proteolytic enzymes, and lipase

vagus nerve

cranial nerve that innervates most muscles of the pharynx, and most organs of the digestive system

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

ET of the oral cavity, tongue, oropharynx, esophagus, and latyngopharynx

submucosa

A layer of the human digestive system that contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic structures

simple columnar epithelium

ET of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine

facial nerve

cranial nerve that innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands

serosa

outer layer of the digestive tract that protects by secreting a fluid that reduces friction

20

number of deciduous teeth

pudendal nerve

innervates the external anal sphincter

hypoglossal nerve

cranial nerve that innervates muscles of the tongue

parietal cells

Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

chief cells

secrete pepsinogen

G cells

secrete gastrin

pelvic splanchnic nerves

innervates the internal anal sphincter

adventitia

name of the outermost layer of the digestive wall of the anus, rectum, upper esophagus, pharynx, and oral cavity

serosa

name of the outermost layer of the digestive wall of the gallbladder, liver, small intestine, most of the large intestines, lower esophagus, stomach, pancreas

greater omentum

extension of the peritoneum. drapes downward and covers abdominal organs like a lacy apron before attaching to the posterior body wall. riddled with fat to insulate, protect, and cushion abdominal organs; also physically limits spread of intraperitoneal infections and also contains macrophage

tongue

manipulates food for chewing and swallowing; a taste organ

crown

portion of tooth projecting above the gum

dentin

Dense tissue forming the bulk of a tooth.

enamel

hardest substance in the body;

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

deciduous teeth

teeth that begin to erupt around the age of 6 months. Eventually pushed out by the permanent teeth.

32

the number of permanent teeth

2,1,2,3

dental formula of humans