The Great War: WWI Harrison History

Diplomacy

skill at international relations using negotiations, trade, and talks

Kaiser

German for emperor

Annexation

to forcibly add or take over another country or territory

Stalemate

a standstill in action; neither side can gain the advantage

Western Front

the battle zone on Germany's Western border with France

Trench Warfare

armies along the Western Front dug miles of parallel trenches to protect themselves

Eastern Front

area along the German and Russian border, where each side was sending millions to fight

Total war

countries devoted all their resources to the war effort

Rationing

people could only buy small amounts of items that were in short supply that were also needed for the war effort

Propaganda

governments used one-sided information designed to persuade

Otto Von Bismarck

chancellor of Prussia, used war to unify Germany, after this convinces Austria-Hungary, Germany, and then later invites Italy, also later Russia, to form the triple alliance, to keep France under control

Kaiser Wilhem II

didn't want to share power, stopped the treaty with Russia, then formed an alliance with France, began a shipbuilding program in an attempt to rival the British Navy

Triple Entente

Great Britain, France, Russia

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Balkans

So many ethnicities wanted their own languages, cultures, and traditions so they fought about it

Ottoman Empire

started to decline in the early 1900s because some of the Balkan groups took the opportunity to form their own nations

June 28 1914

The future ruler of Austria-Hungary and his wife got shot at point-blank range in the head, in Bosnia by a Serbian

Allies

Russia, France, Great Britain

Central powers

German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

Schlieffen plan

Central powers plan that failed, called for attacking and defeating France, then moving on to fight Russia

Gallipoli Campaign

An ally plan that Britain, France, and Belgium where they went through the Southern Route to cut out the Ottoman Empire and get supplies to Russia

U.S. joining WWI

Sinking of the Lusitania, sinking of three more American ships, Zimmerman affair - Germany trying to get Mexico to join their side against the U.S

April 2, 1917

President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany

November 11, 1918

Armistice day a cease-fire that ended WWI

Russia out of the war

Civil unrest back at home because the new leader of Russia calls to an end of the war with Germany

Second battle of Marne

2 million American soldiers charge the front lines of Germany for France

Paris peace Conference

32 countries met at The Palace of Versailles

Big four Countries

Wilson U.S, Clemenceau France, George Great Britain, Orlando Italy

Treaties signed

5 for all the losers

Germany blamed for the war

had to pay back everybody, lost their land, had to reduce their military

Countries from former Austrian-Hungary Empire

Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

Countries from former Russia

Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

Woodrow Wilson's 14 points

Eight of them dealt with resolving territorial issues and securing borders, Five of them dealt with open treaties and freedom of the seas, The last one the 14 said countries should form an alliance, a league of nations

The first Battle of Marne

600 French taxi cab drivers brought soldiers to the font lines of the war