IB Geography HL - Case Study - Japan ageing population

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Why does Japan have an ageing population?

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1

Why does Japan have an ageing population?

  • High life expectancy of 84

  • High number of centenarians

  • Excellent health and social care

  • Japanese life-style and diet

  • Elderly remain active

  • Number of registered marriage fell to 12.3%

  • Births fell to 840,800 in 2020, lowest since records began

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2

What are the advantages / benefits of an ageing population?

  • Pensioners potential customers for leisure products (cruise / golf)

  • Large group of older volunteers for childcare / charity

  • Pressure for innovation in health care section

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3

What are the disadvantages / issues of an ageing population? (8)

  • Inadequate nursing facilities (nursing homes)

  • Worker shortages (Depletion of labour force)

  • Stagnation - deterioration of economy / trade deficit

  • Out migration

  • Costly pension funding / healthcare

  • Falling demand for schools and teachers

  • Reduced demands for certain goods

  • Increase in dependency ratio / burden

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4

What percentage of the population is over 65?

29%

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5

By 2055, what is the estimated % of citizens of over 65?

38%

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6

What is the current low fertility rate?

1.34

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7

What was the low fertility rate in 2002?

1.2

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8

By what percentage did the population decrease by from 2005 to 2050?

25%

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9

What are the 4 pro-natalist policies put in place to combat Japan’s ageing population?

  • Increasing fertility rate - public childcare

  • Increasing fertility rate - parental leave

  • Importing the solution - immigration

  • Fiscal solutions - raising taxes, retirement age

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