Imaging Procedures- Test #6 (Sinuses, TMJ, mandible)

4

how many sinuses are there

sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, maxillary

what are the 4 sinuses

purpose of sinuses

help voice resonate, reduce weight of skull by containing air, warm and moisten inhaled air, shock absorbers in trauma, control immune system, mucous production, interconnected with nasal cavity

maxillary sinus

largest sinus

maxillary sinus

develops in fetus and fully developed and aerated at birth

maxillary sinus

approximately pyramidal, usually symmetric but can vary in size and shape, sinus floor corresponds to roots of teeth

maxillary sinus

communicates with middle nasal meatus at superior aspect

frontal sinus

2nd largest sinus, can be absent

frontal sinus

fully develop by 6-7, normally paired and rarely symmetrical,

located between vertical plates of frontal bone

where is the frontal sinus located

frontal sinus and anterior/middle ethmoid sinus

communicates with middle nasal meatus

ethmoid sinus

within the lateral masses of the labyrinths of the ethmoid, divided into anterior, middle, and posterior

ethmoid sinus

what sinus is the last to develop

posterior ethmoid sinus

communicates with superior nasal meatus

sphenoid sinus

occupy body of sphenoid, lies below Sella turcica and extend between dorsum sellae and posterior ethmoid air cells

sphenoid sinus

can be singular or paired, asymmetric, communicates with sphenoethmoidal recess of nasal cavity

sphenoid sinus

fully developed by 6-7

7

how many cranial/facial bones make up the orbit

37 degrees lateral, 30 degrees inferior

the optic canal is __________ from the MSP and ___________ as it passes through the sphenoid

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid

what cranial bones make up the orbit

maxilla, zygoma, lacrimal, palatine

what facial bones make up the orbit

mandible

largest and densest of facial bones

mandible

only movable facial bone

temporal mandibular join

TMJ

hinge/gliding joint

what kind of joint is the TMJ

hyoid bone

u shaped structure at the base of the tongue, attachment of many muscles, easily palpated and seen on image

upright

what position do all paranasal sinus need to be in to demonstrate air-fluid levels

MSP and IOML

what plane is parallel to the IR for the Paranasal Sinuses Lateral Projection

IP

what line is perpendicular to the IR for the Paranasal Sinuses Lateral Projection

horizontal

how is the CR positioned for the Paranasal Sinuses Lateral Projection

½ to 1 inch posterior to outer canthus

where does the CR enter for the Paranasal Sinuses Lateral Projection

collimation for the Paranasal Sinuses Lateral Projection

include all sinuses and mandible can be clipped

evaluation criteria for the Paranasal Sinuses Lateral Projection

all 4 sinuses included, sphenoid best demonstrated, air fluid levels, sella turcica in profile, superimposed orbital roofs and mandibular rami

15

what angle is the OML at with the vertical IR for the Frontal and Anterior Ethmoid Sinuses PA Axial Projection Caldwell Method

nose

What body part should be touching the IR for the Frontal and Anterior Ethmoid Sinuses PA Axial Projection Caldwell Method

nasion

where does the CR exit for the Frontal and Anterior Ethmoid Sinuses PA Axial Projection Caldwell Method

sinus area only

collimation Frontal and Anterior Ethmoid Sinuses PA Axial Projection Caldwell Method

evaluation criteria for Frontal and Anterior Ethmoid Sinuses PA Axial Projection Caldwell Method

Frontal sinuses lying about the frontonasal suture, Anterior Ethmoidal air cells lying above petrous ridges on either side of nasion, Sphenoid sinuses seen through nasal fossa below ethmoids, Air fluid level (if present)

lower 1/3 of orbit

where are the petrous ridges for the Frontal and Anterior Ethmoid Sinuses PA Axial Projection Caldwell Method

frontal and anterior ethmoid

what sinuses are best seen for the PA axial projection caldwell method

maxillary sinuses

what sinus is seen in the parietoacanthial projection waters method

chin

what body part is touching the IR for the parietoacanthial projection waters method

37

what is the angle from the OML and the IR in the parietoacanthial projection waters method

MML

what line is perpendicular to the IR for the parietoacanthial projection waters method

acanthion

where does the CR exit for the parietoacanthial projection waters method

evaluation criteria for the parietoacanthial projection waters method

maxillary sinuses seen, distorted ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, petrous ridges inferior to the maxillary sinuses

ethmoid and sphenoidal sinuses

what sinuses are seen in the SMV projection of the sinuses

IOML

what plane is parallel to the IR for the SMV projection of the sinuses

3/4’’ anterior to the EAm

where does the CR enter for the parietoacanthial projection waters method SMV projection of the sinuses

evaluation criteria for the SMV projection of the sinuses

sphenoid sinus and ethmoid air cells, mandible condyles anterior to the petrous ridges, superimposition of anterior frontal bone by mental protuberance

Parietoacanthial projection open-mouth waters method

what view is done if SMV sinuses can not be achieved

37

what degree is the OML to the IR for the Parietoacanthial projection open-mouth waters method

ancanthion

where does the CR exit for the Parietoacanthial projection open-mouth waters method

MSP

what plane is parallel to the IR for the Parietoacanthial projection open-mouth waters method

maxillary and sphenoid

what sinuses are seen in the Parietoacanthial projection open-mouth waters method

evaluation criteria for the Parietoacanthial projection open-mouth waters method

sphenoid sinuses projected through the open mouth, maxillary sinuses, petrous ridges below maxillary sinuses

MSP and IOML

what planes are parallel for the lateral orbit

IP

what plane is perpendicular to the IR for the lateral orbit

through outer canthus

where does the cr enter for the lateral orbit

look straight ahead

patient instructions for a lateral orbit

table top

how are all orbit projections performed

evaluation criteria for a lateral orbit

entire orbit, superimposed orbital roofs, body orbit and soft tissues of the eye