Civics test 4th

Purpose of Bill of Rights

Compromise between federalists and anti-federalists

Amendment 1

The right to speech, press, petition, assembly, religion.

Bill of Rights

First 10 ammendments

Amendment 2

The right to bear arms.

Amendment 3

Gov. cannot force solders in your home without your consent in a time of war or peace.

Amendment 4

Police need a warrant to search your property and have a probable cause.

Amendment 5

You can't be tried for the same crime twice. You don’t have to testify against yourself. Must have due process of law before you are convicted. The gov. cannot take your land unless it pays.

Amendment 6

Right to speedy trial by impartial jury. Must be told charges, you have a right to a lawer.

Amendment 7

Able to have a jury trial in civil cases.

Amendment 8

No excessive bail, no cruel and unusual punishment

Amendment 9

States that all rights not spelled out in the constitution are retained by the people.

Amendment 10

States that any powers the constitution doesn’t give to the federal government belong to the syates.

Amendment 13

Outlawed slavery, freed enslaved Africans, banned forced labor

Amendment 14

Defined citizenship and said every state must give citizens “equal protection of the laws”

Amendment 15

States that no state may deny someone the right to vote based on their race

Civil War Amendments

Amendments 13,14,15

Sufferage

Getting the right to vote

Amendment 19

Allowed women the right to vote (1920)

Amendment 24

Made poll tax illegal in national elections (1964)

Amendment 26

Lowered the voting age to 18, which had previously been set at 21 (1971)

Popular sovereignty

Power lies within the hands of the people.

Rule of Law

Laws applies to everyone, even those who govern.

Checks and Balances

Branches can veto anything that another branch does if those branches believe that the branch they're vetoing has too much power.

Enumerated Powers

Powers granted to the national government.

Limited government

Can do only what the people allow it to do.

Separation of powers

Split authority among the 3 branches of government.

Federalism

Power is shared by the national and state governments.

Reserved Powers

Power granted to the states.

Supremacy Clause

A ladder of laws

1.U.S constitution

2. Federal laws and Treaties

3. State constitutions

4. State laws

5. Local laws

Role of Legislative Branch

(House and Senate) Creates laws, impeach public officials, override presidential vetoes, confirm justices to the Supreme Court.

Role of Executive Branch

(President, vice president, cabinet) Enforces laws, veto laws passed by the house and the senate, appoint justices to the Supreme Court.

Role of the Judicial Branch

(The Supreme Court) Interprets laws, can declare a law passed by congress unconstitutional, declare a presidential action unconstitutional.

Checks and Balances

Gives each branch of the government the power to check, or limit, the power of the other 2 branches.

Veto

Say no to, chief executive's power to reject a bill passed by legislature.

Impeachment

Brought up on charges.

Appointment/Rejection of Appointments

Where the president can appoint people and the senate decides if the chosen people are ok to add.

Approve Treaties

Where the senate ok's and international agreement made by the president and said nation.

Concurrent Powers

Powers shared by national government and states.

Override veto

Congress can override with majority vote from the 2 houses.

Judicial Review

The power of a court to review a law for constitutionality and strike down that law if they believe it to be unconstitutional.

Elastic/Implied Powers

The part of the constitution that permits congress to make any laws “necessary and proper” to carrying out powers.