Gender and crime

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11 Terms

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Gender and crime

Official statistics show men commit more crime than women, however sociologists disagree on the reasons why. Some believe female offending rates go unnoticed and unpunished. This is because the criminal justice system treats women more leniently (chivalry thesis). However others believe this is because of the way women were socialised meaning they have less opportunity or desire to commit crime. Some sociologists believe women commit crime but men just commit more.

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Why do men commit more crime then women?

Masculinity and globalisation

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Masculinity

  • Messerschmidt argues that masculinity is an accomplishment that men constantly work at constructing and presenting to others. This is referred to as the hegemonic masculinity, which is the dominant and prestigious form men wish to accomplish. Therefore, Messerschmidt sees crime and deviance as a resource that different men may use to accomplish.

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Globalisation

  • Winslow argues that globalisation had led to a decline in traditional manual jobs in which many working-class males could express their masculinity through. However, there has been and increase in the night time leisure economy which has provided a combination of legal employment and criminal opportunities to express masculinity.

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Why do women commit crime?

  • Chivalry thesis

  • Liberation thesis

  • Class and gender deals

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Chivalry thesis

  • Pollak- argues men have a protective attitude towards women and thus are more lenient, so their crimes are less likely to end up in official statistics. For instance, women are more likely to be let off for crimes such as speeding.

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Liberation thesis

  • Adler believes that women are now becoming more equal in society with men, this has therefore allowed them to have more opportunities to commit crime.

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Class and Gender deals

  • Carmen suggests that women have two deals, the class deal and gender deal. The class deal is that if they work had they will be financially rewarded in life. The gender deal is that if they are a good wife and mother they will be treated well. Carlin believe the break down of these lead to crime in women.

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Why do women commit less crime then men?

  • Patriarchal control

  • Functionalist sex theory

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Patriarchal control

Heidensohn- Argues that women have at least one male figure in their life who does not want them to commit crime.

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Functionalist sex role theory

  • Parsons argues that due to their biology and the way they are socialised, women are nurturing by nature, and therefore incapable of/ do not want to commit crime. Women are too preoccupied being mothers.