9th Grade Biology Final

Which of the following is NOT a monomer?

A protein

In chemical reactions, atoms are

Rearranged

What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals?

Chemical reaction

A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a

Catalyst

What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?

Activation energy

Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the

Speed of reaction

Identify the reactants in the chemical reaction, CO2+ H2O→ H2CO3

CO2 and H2O

A monosaccharide is a

Carbohydrate

2,3,1

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

Osmosis

Place the correct salt concentration percentage in the box on the picture.

Three identical blood cells are placed in three different solutions. Predict the net flow of water into or out of each cell. Then predict the effects of the flow of water on each cell.

Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?

Chloroplast

The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?

Proteins

Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?

Mitochondrion

Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?

Regulates which materials enter and leave the cell

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from

An area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?

Cell membrane

When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will

Move across the membrane in both directions

Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?

Active transport

Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that comes from the nucleus?

Ribosome

How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype was RrYY?

2

When Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring were tall because

The allele for tall plants is dominant

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be

Homozygous

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

Four genetically different cells

The following diagram shows the karyotype of a muscle cells from a wild sheep. Select THREE correct statements based on information contained in this karyotype.

The sheep is male, Sheep somatic cells are diploid, Sheep gametes contain 27 chromosomes

If an organisms diploid number is 12, its haploid number is

6

In the punnet square shown in Figure 11-1, which of the following is true about the offspring resulting from the cross?

All are expected to be tall

Sixty chromosomes are observed in the nucleus of a mammalian cell immediately after mitosis occurred. Fill in the number of chromosomes or chromosome pairs that will be found in other cells of the same organism.

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

Haploid cells

The farther apart two genes are located on a chromosome, the

Less likely they are to be inherited together

Which phenomenon contributes to increased variation among offspring sexually reproducing organisms?

Crossing over between chromosomes during meiosis

What is shown in Figure 11-3?

Crossing-over

A cross of a black chicken (BB) with a white chicken (WW) produces all speckled offspring (BBWW). This type of inheritance is known as

Codominance

Variation is human skin color is an example of

Polygenic traits

Gametes are produced by the process of

Meiosis

In Labrador retrievers, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b), and normal vision (N) is dominant over blindness (n). A homozygous black, heterozygous normal vision dog is crossed with a brown, heterozygous normal vision dog.

Answer the following questions and complete the Punnet Square.

-What are the parent’s genotypes?

-What are the possible gametes?

-List the possible offspring phenotypes.

Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation?

Inversion

Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?

Deoxyribose + phosphate groups + cytosine

Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?

Phosphate group, guanine, and cytosine

What is produced during transcription?

RNA molecules

How many types of RNA are there?

3

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

Each with one new stand and one original stand

RNA contains the sugar

Ribose

Unlike DNA, RNA contains

Uracil

In eukaryotes, DNA

Is located in the nucleus

A mutation that involves one nucleotide is called a(an)

Point mutation

DNA is copied during a process called

Replication

During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases

GATCCA

How many bases are needed to specify three amino acids?

9

Genes contain instructions for assembling

Proteins

What happens during the process of translation?

The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins

The number of organisms that an environment can support is called the

Carrying capacity

What is the most direct threat to global biodiversity?

Human population growth

One of the greatest threats to biological diversity is

Habitat fragmentation

What is biomagnification?

The increased concentration of pollutants as they move up the food chain

Why are fossil fuels non renewable?

They require hundreds of millions of years to form

Human health and well being are tied to biodiversity because

Humans are part of the environment and rely on ecosystems to support our way of life

High levels of biodiversity tend to

Increase the stability of an ecosystem

Which of the following is a result of habitat destruction?

Extinction of native species

What type of pollution is caused when emissions from burning fossil’s fuel lowers the pH of rain?

Acid rain

A species that is at serious risk of extinction is called a(an)

Endangered species

In recent years, the human population has

Increased exponentially

An increase in Earths average temperature from the buildup of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere is called

Global warming

Which is the following best defines ecological footprint?

The total area of land and resources needed to support a person’s lifestyle

Biodiversity is important to human society because it

Provides medicines, provides food and goods, and is a natural resource

Which has become the number one cause of environmental change on Earth?

Human activity

Which greenhouse gas is most commonly released by human activities?

Carbon dioxide

A major factor that negatively affects biodiversity is

Habitat fragmentation

Measuring biodiversity across the Earth shows that it…

Increases toward the equator

Using renewable resources while ensuring that they are not depleted is a practice called

Sustainable development

In the United States, what is the major law that protects biodiversity?

Endangered Species Act