4.4 GENETIC DIVERSITY AND ADAPTATION
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10 Terms
GENETIC DIVERSITY:
Number of different alleles of genes in a population
HOW DO ALLELES ARISE?
Mutation.
POPULATION:
Same species in an area/ habitat at a given time.
That can interbreed.
IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC DIVERSITY?
Enables natural selection to occur.
(With certain alleles having a selective advantage over others.)
REDUCING GENETIC DIVERSITY?
Genetic bottleneck, large number of population dies, some alleles are lost —> reduces ability to survive —> can’t adapt (—> abnormalities in offspring).
Founder Effect, only a few individuals in a new area.
New group may evolve differently to old.
WHAT IS EVOLUTION?
Change in allele frequency over many generations in a population
Occurring through natural selection.
EXPLAIN PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL SELECTION IN THE EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS?
MARIA
WHAT DOES NATURAL SELECTION RESULT IN?
Species that are better adapted to their environment.
THREE TYPES OF ADAPTATIONS?
Anatomical.
Physiological.
Behavioural.
TWO TYPES OF SELECTION:
Stabilising prevents change.
Average phenotype selected against both extremes.
DISRUPTIVE: Both extremes of a phenotype have a selective advantage over those in the middle, so both are selected, most important in bringing about evolutionary change and thus speciation.
