4.4 GENETIC DIVERSITY AND ADAPTATION

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12 Terms

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GENETIC DIVERSITY:

Number of different alleles of genes in a population

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HOW DO ALLELES ARISE?

Mutation.

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POPULATION:

  • Same species in an area/ habitat at a given time.

  • That can interbreed.

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IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC DIVERSITY?

  • Enables natural selection to occur.

  • (With certain alleles having a selective advantage over others.)

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REDUCING GENETIC DIVERSITY?

  • Genetic bottleneck, large number of population dies, some alleles are lost —> reduces ability to survive —> can’t adapt (—> abnormalities in offspring).

  • Founder Effect, only a few individuals in a new area.

    • New group may evolve differently to old.

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WHAT IS EVOLUTION?

  • Change in allele frequency over many generations in a population

  • Occurring through natural selection.

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EXPLAIN PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL SELECTION IN THE EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS?

MARIA

<p>MARIA</p>
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FACTORS THAT DRIVE NATURAL SELECTION:

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WHAT DOES NATURAL SELECTION RESULT IN?

  • Species that are better adapted to their environment.

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THREE TYPES OF ADAPTATIONS?

  1. Anatomical.

  2. Physiological.

  3. Behavioural.

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STABILISING AND DISRUPTIVE:

WHAT DOES DISTUPTIVE RESULT IN?

  • Stabilising prevents change.

    • Average phenotype selected against both extremes.

  • DISRUPTIVE:

    • Both extremes of a phenotype have a selective advantage over those in the middle, so both are selected,

    • Most important in bringing about evolutionary change and thus speciation.

<ul><li><p>Stabilising prevents change.</p><ul><li><p>Average phenotype selected against both extremes.</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p>DISRUPTIVE: </p><ul><li><p>Both extremes of a phenotype have a selective advantage over those in the middle, so both are selected, </p></li><li><p>Most important in bringing about evolutionary change and thus <strong>speciation</strong>.</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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DIRECTIONAL SELECTION:

  • One extreme has a selective advantage.

  • Frequency of this allele increases and frequency of the other extreme’s allele decreases.

<ul><li><p>One extreme has a selective advantage.</p></li><li><p>Frequency of this allele increases and frequency of the other extreme’s allele decreases.</p></li></ul><p></p>

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