1.5-1.9 us government review

federaslist #10

written by james madison

naturally ppl w/ similar interests tend to unite to try and influence the gov (factions)

a large republic would dilute the strength of the factions

brutus #1

anti-federalist writing

adopting the us consti. sacrifices self governance and individuality

opposed strong central gov and large republic

favored a small decentralized republic

necessary and proper clause

brutus argued it gives Congress unlimited legislative authority, allowing it to override state laws

supremacy clause

deems federal law as supreme over conflicting state laws

major issues of the consti

representation by population vs. equal representation

should slaves count towards a state’s rep

division of powers between federal and state

is a president needed and how will they be chosen

Virginia plan

Madison and Randolph

bicameral (2 chambers 1 branch) legislative

stronger national gov w/ supremacy over states

New Jersey Plan

William Patterson

protection of state sovereignty

limited national powers

equal state representation

the great compromise

roger Sherman

house of representatives and senate

balanced large and small state issues

3/5 compromise

sherman and wilson

argued how slaves should be representented

3/5 enslaved ppl =1 person

slave trade compromise

prohibited the end of the slave trade for 20 years, or until 1808

required runaways to be reported

electoral college

group of representatives from each state who vote for their state’s choice on who should be POTUS

ammending the consti

2/3 vote in both house and senate OR convention called by 2/3 of state legis.

bill of rights

james madison

now the 10 amendments

1st ammend

freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly

2nd ammend

right to bear arms

4th ammend

protection against unreasonable searches

5th and 6th ammend

right to remain silent

rights to fair trial and due process

8th ammend

no cruel and unusual punishment

9th

we might have forgotten a law, but its implied

10th ammend

some powers/laws are for the state to handle

full faith and credit clause

states must honor the laws of another state

concurrent powers

powers held by both national gov and states

ex) taxes

executive powers

powers only for the federal gov

ex) declaring war, printing money

reserved powers

powers only for the states

ex) state elections, regulating education

categorical grants

specific purposes only w/ strings attached

federal gov fav grant

block grants

money for broadly defined areas (public health, education,etc)

fewer restrictions

state’s fav

revenue sharing

funds with no restrictions

last used

federal mandate

states must comply with federal directives

ex) mask mandate of 2020