Kidney Filtration and Reabsorption: Processes and Disorders

What is the process called that forces small molecules out of the blood into the Bowman's capsule?

Ultrafiltration

What are the small molecules that leave the blood during ultrafiltration?

Glucose, water, urea, ions

What remains in the blood after ultrafiltration?

Proteins and blood cells

What is the fluid formed during ultrafiltration called?

Filtrate

What happens to glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

All glucose is reabsorbed

What is the role of the Loop of Henle in kidney function?

Controls how much water is kept in the body

What occurs in the descending limb of the Loop of Henle?

Water leaves the tubule

What occurs in the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?

Salts (ions) are pumped out

How does the Loop of Henle create a concentration gradient?

By pumping out salts in the ascending limb

What hormone controls water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What happens when there is more ADH present?

More water is reabsorbed, resulting in concentrated urine

What happens when there is less ADH present?

Less water is reabsorbed, resulting in dilute urine

What does urine contain?

Urea (waste), excess water, and excess ions

What is the sequence of urine formation in the kidneys?

Blood → glomerulus → Bowman's capsule → PCT → Loop of Henle → DCT/collecting duct → urine formed

What happens if kidneys fail?

Urea builds up in blood and becomes toxic

What does the presence of glucose in urine indicate?

Reabsorption is not working properly, which can indicate diabetes