Science 8 - Chapter 2 GimKit Study Questions

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the Science 8 Chapter 2 study guide.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Atoms

The basic building blocks that combine with other atoms to form molecules.

Element

A pure substance in its simplest form that cannot be broken down further by normal chemical means.

Organic Compounds

Carbon-containing compounds or matter.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom.

Atomic Mass Number

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

Macromolecule

A large organic molecule.

Carbohydrate

A molecule that provides living organisms with most of their usable energy; sugars and starches are carbohydrates.

Sucrose

A carbohydrate sugar made of glucose and fructose chemically bound together.

Cellulose and Chitin

Complex carbohydrates that give cells strength and support.

Proteins

Large molecules composed of amino acids.

Hemoglobin

A protein that carries oxygen throughout the human body.

Triglycerides

The basic unit of fat formed when three fatty acids bond to one glycerol.

Cholesterol

An important component of cell structure and a building block for other steroids.

Waxes

Lipids that form protective coverings on plants and help bees build honeycombs.

Nucleic Acids

Large organic molecules that store genetic code; DNA and RNA are the two main types.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid; a double-stranded molecule shaped as a double helix that carries the genetic code.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid; a single-stranded molecule responsible for making proteins by coding and decoding genetic information held in DNA.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate; a molecule with three phosphates that transports the chemical energy required for metabolism.

ADP

Adenosine diphosphate; a molecule with two phosphates formed when ATP breaks down to release energy.

Enzymes

Organic catalysts that make biochemical reactions proceed faster and are not used up in the reaction.

Nucleus (of an Atom)

The structure located at the center of the atom.

Proton

A particle in an atom's nucleus that has a positive charge.

Electron

A particle in an atom that has a negative charge.

Neutron

A particle in an atom's nucleus that has no charge.

Electron Shells

Paths around the nucleus where electrons are found.

Molecule

A combination of two or more atoms.

Compound

A new substance formed when two or more elements combine in a fixed ratio.

Glycogen

A complex carbohydrate that stores energy in the muscles and liver.

Glucose

The basic sugar made in plants by photosynthesis and used by cells for energy.

Fructose

A fruit sugar.

Photosynthesis

The process plants use to convert sunlight energy and nutrients into food in the form of sugars and starches.

Amino Acids

Organic molecules that are the building blocks of proteins.

Glycerol

A three-carbon molecule that forms part of fats.

Fatty Acid

A very long chain of carbon and hydrogen molecules.

Steroid

A lipid with carbon atoms arranged in rings instead of chains.

Nucleotide

A unit composed of three parts: a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Deoxyribose

The sugar found in DNA.

Ribose

The sugar found in RNA.

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions occurring within the cells of a living organism.

Catalyst

Something that causes a chemical reaction to proceed faster than normal and is not used up in the reaction.