Vogue

What company publishes Vogue magazine?

Conde Nast

In what year was Vogue magazine first published?

1892

What significant change did Conde Nast implement after purchasing Vogue in 1909?

They brought the magazine into their brand and saw its future potential.

What was one of the first innovations Vogue introduced in the 1930s?

Using color photography in their magazines.

Who has been the editor-in-chief of Vogue since 1988?

Anna Wintour

What is Anna Wintour's annual salary as editor-in-chief of Vogue?

Over £2 million a year.

What trend did Anna Wintour start regarding magazine covers?

Using more celebrities on the covers instead of just models.

What did Vogue do in the 60s that was considered cutting-edge?

They featured a black woman on the cover.

What is the Vogue Fashion Fund?

A program started in the mid-2000s to help new fashion designers financially.

What was the purpose of Conde Nast's 'luxury conference'?

To hold workshops and discussions with high-end luxury designers.

What type of collaborations did Vogue pursue to enhance its exclusivity?

Collaborations with famous artists for guest editing and creating front covers.

How did Vogue perform during wartime eras?

It did very well due to its aspirational brand and audience.

What is the significance of the Vogue college for fashion & design?

It allows students to learn from top designers and enhances Vogue's brand prestige.

Which famous artists created their own front covers for Vogue?

Andy Warhol and Salvador Dali.

What was the impact of Vogue's aspirational lifestyle content?

It provided audiences with a dream-like lifestyle they aspired to have.

What did Conde Nast do to maximize profits with Vogue?

They replicated successful formats and avoided taking risks.

What is the role of advertising in Vogue's business model?

It earns a huge amount of revenue for the magazine.

What was the purpose of the Vogue café?

To extend the exclusive high-end brand vision into another media.

What was the impact of individual staff at Vogue on its success?

They often had their own reputations as fashion experts, contributing to Vogue's prestige.

What was the aim of introducing 'Teen's Vogue' and 'Men's Vogue'?

To expand the brand and attract a larger audience.

Who are some notable writers featured in Vogue that later became famous?

JD Salinger, Virginia Woolf, and Sadie Smith.

What does Vogue's reputation as a magazine that discovers new talent signify?

It enhances its image as a forefront of fashion and nurturing talent.

What role did Vogue play in the fashion industry?

Vogue discovered new talent in fashion and nurtured it.

How did Vogue perform during wartime?

Vogue did very well during wartime.

What is the significance of advertising for Vogue?

Advertising is crucial for magazines like Vogue as it earns them a huge amount of money.

How much does a full-page advert in Vogue cost?

£36,000.

What is the monthly circulation of Vogue?

Vogue sells around 200,000 copies a month.

How has Vogue adapted to changes in media consumption?

Vogue has moved into digital media and has a strong social media presence.

What kind of audience does Vogue attract?

Vogue draws in a global audience and is seen as an aspirational, dream-like brand.

How does Vogue represent women in its articles?

Vogue often shows women as passive, nurturing figures, which may not reflect the growing independence of women in the 60s.

What does the inclusion of financial articles in Vogue suggest about women?

It suggests that women may not understand economics and investments, reflecting societal views of the time.

How does Vogue's representation of women in the 1960s differ from feminist ideals?

Vogue's representation often fails to reflect the growing power of women and instead shows them in conventional roles.

What does the Cutex advert in Vogue signify about women's representation?

It suggests nudity and sexualization, reflecting societal expectations of women in the 60s.

What was the impact of consumerism on women during the post-war period as depicted in Vogue?

Many women enjoyed consumerism and the emphasis on 'treating yourself' during the 40s and 50s.

What does Vogue's content reveal about the historical context of women in the 60s?

It reflects that women were often expected to lead lives centered around leisure and family life.

How has the perception of Vogue's advertisements changed among readers?

Many readers now see-through advertisements and may feel 'put-off' by them.

What does the romantic portrayal of women in Vogue suggest?

It suggests a passive role for women, often depicted as lounging rather than taking action.

How did Vogue's approach to representation change with the rise of feminism?

Vogue's representation remained conventional, not fully embracing the new ideas of feminism.

What is the relationship between Vogue and its audience's financial independence?

The magazine reflects that wealthier women were under less financial pressure to work, influencing its content.

What does the article suggest about Vogue's future direction?

Conde Nast plans to use more modern technology to target audiences effectively.

How does Vogue's portrayal of women compare to the historical context of the 1960s?

It often shows women in domestic or sexualized roles, which may not align with the era's feminist movements.

What is the significance of guest appearances by figures like Nelson Mandela in Vogue?

They highlight Vogue's influence and the magazine's appeal to a diverse audience.

What does the phrase 'bare essentials' in the Cutex advert imply?

It implies nudity and suggests that showing flesh is important for women's representation.

How does Vogue's advertising strategy reflect its financial goals?

The magazine includes many advertisements to maximize revenue, indicating its reliance on advertising for financial success.

What societal expectations were placed on women in the 1960s regarding marriage and family?

Women were typically expected to marry young and start families.

How is femininity linked to the portrayal of women in media according to the notes?

Femininity is often linked to nakedness and sexual appeal, suggesting that showing flesh is important for women.

What rhetorical question is posed in women's magazines aimed at women aged 20-35?

"Are you woman enough to wear them?" This suggests that femininity is tied to sexualized imagery.

What does Stuart Hall's theory suggest about the representation of ethnic minorities in media?

It suggests that ethnic minorities are often represented as 'other' and marginalized.

How does the Revlon advert portray women's roles?

It calls women 'alluring' and 'beguiling', implying that their role is to attract others visually.

What unusual representation of women is highlighted in the context of Sheila Black's article?

Featuring a working female expert on finance, which was quite unusual for the 1960s.

What does Sheila Black discuss regarding women's financial independence?

She talks about women being financially independent and wanting to invest money.

How does the Imperial Leather advert reflect stereotypes about women?

It portrays women as maternal and domestic, with body language and expressions showing them as emotional and caring.

What does the choice to represent women as financially empowered in Vogue suggest?

It reflects the class and wealth of the typical Vogue reader, who is often from the middle/upper classes.

How are white models depicted in terms of status in the media?

White models are often pictured in jewels and expensive clothes, representing them as high status.

What issue is highlighted regarding the representation of darker ethnicities in makeup products?

Darker ethnicities are underrepresented in 'nude toned' products, reflecting a less inclusive nature in the 1960s.

What does the marginalization of black men in fashion pages suggest?

It suggests a post-colonialist view where they are seen as 'staff' or less important than white models.

How is professionalism represented in the imagery of white men in suits?

The suit, tie, watch, and writing suggest wealth, status, and a Westernized view of professionalism.

What does the article imply about the historical context of women's financial power?

It challenges the historical context when women were often financially controlled by their husbands.

What does the phrase 'aspirational role models' refer to in the context of women's representation?

It refers to the idealized depiction of upper-class women in media as aspirational figures.

What does the magazine's complex language indicate about its target audience?

It indicates that the magazine is targeted toward middle-to-upper classes with an assumed advanced vocabulary.

How does the representation of women in the 1960s reflect societal changes?

It reflects the shift towards women having careers and delaying family life until their 30s or later.

What does the representation of women needing to be soft and gentle imply?

It may imply that women are seen as delicate or weak.

What does the lack of minority models in media suggest about societal attitudes in the 1960s?

It reflects a less inclusive attitude towards different ethnicities in Britain during that time.

How does the portrayal of women in media relate to the second-wave feminism movement?

The portrayal of women as financially independent began to change after the influx of second-wave feminism.

What does the use of formal costume in advertisements suggest about the target demographic?

It suggests that the advertisements are aimed at an upper-class audience.

What is the significance of the phrase 'emotional, caring and loving' in the context of women's representation?

It reinforces traditional stereotypes of women as nurturing and maternal figures.

What does the representation of women in the context of investment and finance challenge?

It challenges the historical narrative that women lacked power over financial matters.