Fluid and Electrolytes: Diuresis and Hypovolemia

Practice vocabulary flashcards focused on fluid volume deficit, the effects of bed rest on diuresis, and clinical signs of hypovolemia.

Bed Rest Diuresis

A process where bed rest induces dryness and fluid loss due to the release of ANP and the decreased production of ADH.

ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)

A hormone released during bed rest that contributes to diuresis.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

A hormone that normally retains water; its production decreases during bed rest, leading to fluid loss.

Prolonged Bed Rest Risks

The loss of $K^+$ (potassium) and water, which can lead to dehydration.

IV Fluid Precautions

Administer IV fluids slowly to the elderly, the very young, and clients with a history of heart or kidney problems to prevent fluid overload.

Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)

Also known as hypovolemia; a condition where fluid is lost from the body.

Shock

The potential result of a 'Big Time Deficit' in fluid volume.

Causes of FVD

Loss of fluid from anywhere (e.g., thoracentesis, paracentesis, vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhage), third spacing, and diseases with polyuria.

Third Spacing

A condition where fluid moves into a space that does the body no good, such as in burns or ascites.

Ascites

A type of third spacing where fluid collects in the abdominal cavity; necessitates daily abdominal girth measurements and monitoring for hypotension.

Polyuria

Excessive urination; when seen, nurses should think of shock first.

Kidney Failure Progression

A sequence starting with Polyuria, moving to Oliguria, and finally Anuria.

Oliguria

Decreased urine output, occurring after polyuria in the progression toward kidney failure.

Anuria

The absence of urine production, indicating possible kidney failure.

Signs and Symptoms of FVD

Includes decreased weight, decreased skin turgor, and dry mucous membranes.

NCLEX Testing Strategy for Treatment Success

Look for the presence or absence of pertinent signs and symptoms when collecting data on successful treatment.