HSCI chapter 7 pt 2, chapter 8

syntharosis

• no movement joint

• most stable

amphiarthrosis

• some joint movement

diathrosis

freely moveable joint

cartilaginous joint

joined by cartilage

fibrous joint

joined by dense regular CT

synovial joints

• joint cavity filled with fluid between bones

• allows for wide range of motion

flexion

• decrease angle

• ex. moving elbow at a 90 degree

extension

• increase angle

  • ex. moving elbow joint flat

hyperextension

• increase angle beyond

• ex. over extending elbow joints

abduction

away from midline

adduction

motion towards midline

circumduction

• cone shaped motion

  • combo of all angular motion

medial rotation

rotation towards midline

lateral rotation

rotation away from midline

pronation

medial rotation of forearm

supination

lateral rotation of forearm

opposition

thumb moves toward index finger

reposition

thumb returns to anatomical position

depression

body part moves inferior

elevation

body part moves superior

protraction

body part moves anterior

retraction

body part moves posterior

inversion

sole of foot turns medially

eversion

sole of foot turns laterally

dorsiflexion

flexion of foot

plantarflexion

extension of foot

Hinge joint

• Convex surface articulate with concave depression

• Movements:

  • Flexion

  • Extension

• Example: elbow,knee, ankle joint  

condylar joint

• More oval shaped convex surface fits into more shallow concave surface

• Movements:

  • Flexion and extension

  • Abduction adduction

  • Circumduction

• Example: wrist joint

ball and socket joint

• Spherical articulating surface fits into cup-shaped depression

• Movement:

  • Flexion and extension

  • Abduction and adduction

  • Circumduction

  • Rotation

• Example: shoulder and hip joint

pectoral girdle

• bone markings: clavicle and scapula

• function: attachment (upper limb + muscles) and mobility

humerus

bone markings: head, capitulum, trochlea

glenohumeral/ shoulder joint

bone marking: humeral head, glenoid cavity

radius

bone markings: radial head

• articulates with capitulum

ulna

bone marking: olecranon, trochlear notch

elbow joint

bone markings: trochlear notch (ulna), trochlea (humerus)

radiocarpal/wrist joint

bone markings: distal end of radius, scaphoid, and lunate

pelvic girdle

bone marking: ilium, ischium, pubis

femur joint

bone markings: head, neck, medial and lateral condyles

coxal/hip joint

bone markings: femoral head, acetabulum

patella

markings: quadriceps tendon, patellar tendon

• sesamoid bone (embedded inside tendon)

Tibia

bone markings: medial condyle, lateral condyle, tibia tuberosity medial malleolus

fibula

bone markings: head, lateral malleolus

knee joint

bone markings:

• tibio femoral

  • medial and lateral femoral condyles

  • M/L tribial condyles

• patellofemoral

tarsals

bone marking: talus, calcaneus

talocrural/ankle joint

bone marking: medial malleolus of tibia, lateral malleolus of fibula