tectonic hazards

paper 1

inner core

solid and dense layer of composed iron and nickle

outer core

semi molten metal layer

mantle

semi molten layer less dense

crust

made up of oceanic (denser) and continental

tectonic theory

the movements of the plates as the result of convection currents in the mantle

current theory

slab pull theory, the movement is the result of the weight of the denser oceanic plate subducting and dragging the rest of the plate along

volcanos occur at

constructive and destructive plate boundaries

earthquakes occur at

all plate boundries

constructive plate boundry

the plates are moving apart

both earthquakes and volcanos occur

destructive plate boundary

plates are moving together

the oceanic plate subducts under the continental

both volcanos and earthquakes occur

the friction causes heat, melting oceanic plate

magma rises to the surface

conservative boundary

the plates move past each other in opposite directions or different speeds

only earthquakes

volcano primary hazards

ash

lava flow

gas emissions

volcano secondary hazards

landslides

floods

fires

earthquake primary hazards

gas emissios

ground shaking

earthquake secondary hazards

buildings collapse

landslides

gas leaks

immediate responses

rescue teams

food and water provided

evacuation

long term responses

rebuild homes

repair water and gas and electricity supplies

transport routes rebuilt

fertile soils

areas at risk

ash and cooled lava contain minerals leading to high yields of crops

tourism

areas at risk

people want to visit, increasing jobs

geothermal energy

areas at risk

magma is closer to surface, heat generates this

monitoring volcanos and earthquakes

seismometers

gas sensors

seisometer

record earth movements and detect tremor

planning volcanos and earthquakes

hazard mapping and risk assessment

evacuation plans

education