APCSP Final Exam Topics

Semester 2 summed up.

Procedural Abstraction

Breaks down complex tasks, improves readability, and allows code reuse.

Algorithm

A step-by-step set of instructions for solving a problem or completing a task, without using code.

Decimal to Binary

Converting a number in base-10 to its equivalent representation in base-2.

Loop Behavior

A control flow statement that executes a block of code repeatedly until a specified condition is met.

Scams and Phishing

Deceptive practices used to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information or sending money.

Binary Search

An efficient search algorithm that repeatedly divides the search interval in half. Maximum elements looked at: log2(n).

Overflow vs. Roundoff Error

Overflow: Result of a calculation exceeds the maximum representable value. Roundoff Error: Discrepancy between an approximate and the true value due to limited precision.

If/Else Outcomes

Predicting the result of conditional statements involving logical operators.

Modulus

Mathematical operation that returns the remainder of a division.

Solveable vs. Unsolvable Problems

Solveable problems can be solved by an algorithm. Unsolvable problems cannot be solved by any algorithm. Heuristics are problem-solving approaches that use practical methods to find solutions.

Flowchart Interpretation

Following the path of actions specified in flowcharts to determine the final output.

Undecidable Problem

A problem for which it is impossible to construct an algorithm that always leads to a correct yes-or-no answer.

Sharing Purchased Content

Sharing or distributing purchased content is often restricted by copyright laws and licensing agreements.

Types of Encryption

Methods used to secure data, including public key, symmetric, and asymmetric approaches.

Data Type Selection

Choosing the data type that best represents the type of data being stored.

Infinite Loop

A loop that continues to execute indefinitely because its exit condition is never met.

Loop Output

Determining the value of variables after a specific number of iterations in a loop.

Boolean Expression

Combining comparison operators (>, <, ==, !=) with logical operators (and, or, not) to create conditions.