Hc2 Precision exam cheat st

Military time

1:00 PM = 1300, 11:00 PM = 2300

Metric prefix kilo

Represents 1000.

Metric prefix centi

Represents 0.01.

Metric prefix milli

Represents 0.001.

Temperature conversion from Fahrenheit to Celsius

°F → °C = (F − 32) ÷ 1.8

Anatomical position

Standing, with palms forward.

Sagittal plane

Divides body into left and right.

Frontal plane

Divides body into front and back.

Transverse plane

Divides body into top and bottom.

Superior

Above.

Inferior

Below.

Medial

Toward the middle.

Lateral

Away from the middle.

Skeletal system

Supports, protects, and makes blood.

Muscular system

Responsible for movement and heat production (thermogenesis).

Integumentary system

Skin; provides protection.

Cardiovascular system

Heart and blood vessels for transport.

Respiratory system

Oxygen in, carbon dioxide out.

Immune system

Fights infection.

Nervous system

Controls and communicates within the body.

Endocrine system

Produces hormones.

Urinary system

Removes waste and manages fluid balance.

Digestive system

Breaks down food.

Reproductive system

Responsible for producing offspring.

Hematopoiesis

Blood cell production.

Thermogenesis

Heat production.

Scoliosis

Curved spine.

Osteoarthritis

Joint wear causing pain and stiffness.

Osteoporosis

Weak bones that break easily.

Sprain

Injury to a ligament.

Strain

Injury to a muscle or tendon.

Muscular dystrophy

Progressive muscle weakness due to genetics.

Spasm

Sudden muscle contraction causing pain.

Fungal infections

Includes athlete’s foot and ringworm.

Skin cancer

Includes basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

Atherosclerosis

Plaque builds up in arteries.

Hypertension

High blood pressure.

Myocardial infarction

Heart attack due to blocked blood flow.

Anemia

Low red blood cell count.

Pneumonia

Lung infection.

Tuberculosis

Bacterial lung disease.

Flu

Viral infection causing fever and body aches.

COPD

Chronic lung disease affecting breathing.

AIDS

Weak immune system caused by HIV.

Lupus

Autoimmune disease causing inflammation.

Mono

Viral infection causing fatigue.

Meningitis

Infection of brain lining.

Epilepsy

Disorder involving repeated seizures.

Concussion

Brain injury causing confusion.

CVA

Stroke caused by blocked or burst blood flow to the brain.

Conjunctivitis

Eye infection commonly known as pink eye.

Otitis media

Ear infection.

Deafness

Loss of hearing.

Myopia

Nearsightedness.

Hyperopia

Farsightedness.

Presbyopia

Age-related vision loss.

Type 1 diabetes

Body does not produce insulin.

Type 2 diabetes

Body's insulin resistance.

Gigantism

Excess growth hormone in childhood.

Dwarfism

Deficiency of growth hormone.

Hypothyroidism

Underactive thyroid causing slow metabolism.

Hyperthyroidism

Overactive thyroid causing fast metabolism.

Crohn’s disease

Inflammation in the digestive tract.

Celiac disease

Immune reaction to gluten.

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix.

Colon cancer

Cancer in the large intestine.

Kidney stones

Hard mineral deposits causing pain.

Kidney failure

Loss of kidney function.

UTI

Urinary tract infection.

Endometriosis

Uterine tissue grows outside the uterus.

Cervical cancer

Cancer of the cervix.

BPH

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, enlarged prostate.

Testicular cancer

Cancer of the testes.

STDs/STIs

Sexually transmitted diseases/infections.

Egyptians

Developed early medicine, surgery, and medical records.

Hippocrates

Known as the Father of Medicine; established ethics.

Clara Barton

Founder of the Red Cross.

Florence Nightingale

Pioneer of modern nursing.

William Harvey

Described blood circulation.

Joseph Lister

Known for antiseptics in surgery.

Semmelweis

Promoted handwashing to prevent infection.

Premium

Monthly payment for health insurance.

Copay

Fixed payment for services at time of visit.

Deductible

Amount paid before insurance starts covering costs.

Medicaid

Health insurance for low-income individuals.

Medicare

Health insurance for elderly individuals.

Scope of practice

The range of responsibilities one is authorized to perform.

Expressed consent

Verbal or written agreement to treatment.

Implied consent

Assumed agreement in emergency situations.

Battery

Unlawful touching without consent.

Invasion of privacy

Unauthorized sharing of personal information.

Malpractice

Professional negligence causing harm.

Negligence

Failure to provide appropriate care.

HIPAA

Regulates patient information privacy.