Hc2 Precision exam cheat st

Got you — I turned your whole packet into a clean, simple cheat sheet (your style: short, straightforward, easy to study).

🩺 HS2 Precision Exam – Cheat Sheet

⏰ Basic Skills

  • Military time: 1:00 PM = 1300, 11:00 PM = 2300

  • Metric: kilo (1000), centi (0.01), milli (0.001)

  • Temp: °F → °C = (F − 32) ÷ 1.8

🧍 Body Basics

  • Anatomical position: standing, palms forward

  • Planes:

    • Sagittal = left/right

    • Frontal = front/back

    • Transverse = top/bottom

  • Directional:

    • Superior = above

    • Inferior = below

    • Medial = toward middle

    • Lateral = away

🦴 Body Systems (VERY SHORT)

  • Skeletal: support, protect, makes blood

  • Muscular: movement, heat (thermogenesis)

  • Integumentary: skin, protection

  • Cardiovascular: heart + blood = transport

  • Respiratory: oxygen in, CO₂ out

  • Immune: fights infection

  • Nervous: control + communication

  • Endocrine: hormones

  • Urinary: removes waste, fluid balance

  • Digestive: breaks down food

  • Reproductive: makes offspring

🧬 Extra Terms

  • Hematopoiesis: blood cell production

  • Thermogenesis: heat production

⚠ Disorders (super quick)

Bones & Muscles

  • Scoliosis: curved spine

  • Osteoarthritis: joint wear

  • Osteoporosis: weak bones

  • Sprain: ligament injury

  • Strain: muscle/tendon injury

  • Muscular dystrophy: muscle weakness

  • Spasm: sudden muscle contraction

Skin

  • Fungal infections: athlete’s foot, ringworm

  • Skin cancer (ABCDE):

    • A = asymmetry

    • B = border

    • C = color

    • D = diameter

    • E = evolving

Types:

  • Basal cell (least serious)

  • Squamous cell

  • Melanoma (most dangerous)

Cardiovascular

  • Atherosclerosis: plaque in arteries

  • Hypertension: high blood pressure

  • Myocardial infarction: heart attack

  • Anemia: low red blood cells

Respiratory

  • Pneumonia: lung infection

  • TB: bacterial lung disease

  • Flu: viral infection

  • COPD: chronic lung disease

    • Asthma

    • Bronchitis

    • Emphysema

Immune / Nervous

  • AIDS: weak immune system

  • Lupus: autoimmune

  • Mono: viral infection

  • Meningitis: brain lining infection

  • Epilepsy: seizures

  • Concussion: brain injury

  • CVA: stroke

Senses

  • Conjunctivitis: pink eye

  • Otitis media: ear infection

  • Deafness: hearing loss

  • Myopia: nearsighted

  • Hyperopia: farsighted

  • Presbyopia: age vision loss

Endocrine

  • Type 1 diabetes: no insulin

  • Type 2 diabetes: insulin resistance

  • Gigantism: too much GH (tall)

  • Dwarfism: too little GH

  • Hypothyroidism: slow metabolism

  • Hyperthyroidism: fast metabolism

Digestive

  • Crohn’s: inflammation

  • Celiac: gluten intolerance

  • Appendicitis: inflamed appendix

  • Colon cancer

Urinary

  • Kidney stones

  • Kidney failure

  • UTI

Reproductive

  • Endometriosis

  • Cervical cancer

  • BPH: enlarged prostate

  • Testicular cancer

  • STDs/STIs

👩‍⚕ History (VERY SHORT)

  • Egyptians: early medicine, surgery, records

  • Hippocrates: “Father of Medicine,” ethics

  • Clara Barton: Red Cross

  • Florence Nightingale: modern nursing

  • William Harvey: blood circulation

  • Joseph Lister: antiseptics

  • Semmelweis: handwashing

💰 Health Insurance

  • Premium: monthly payment

  • Copay: pay at visit

  • Deductible: pay before insurance covers

⚖ Law & Ethics

  • Medicaid: low income

  • Medicare: elderly

  • Scope of practice: what you’re allowed to do

  • Expressed consent: verbal/written

  • Implied consent: emergency

  • Battery: touching without permission

  • Invasion of privacy: sharing info

  • Malpractice: professional mistake

  • Negligence: failure to care properly

  • HIPAA: protects patient info

Got you — I added simple explanations (straightforward, short sentences) for all the disorders.

⚠ Disorders (with explanations)

🦴 Bones & Muscles

  • Scoliosis: spine curves sideways. It can cause uneven shoulders and back pain.

  • Osteoarthritis: cartilage wears down. Bones rub together causing pain and stiffness.

  • Osteoporosis: bones lose density. They become weak and break easily.

  • Sprain: ligament is stretched or torn. Happens from twisting a joint.

  • Strain: muscle or tendon is stretched. Caused by overuse or lifting.

  • Tendinosis: chronic tendon damage. Happens from repeated stress.

  • Muscular dystrophy: muscles slowly weaken. It is genetic and gets worse over time.

  • Spasm (charley horse): sudden muscle contraction. Causes sharp pain.

🧴 Skin

  • Fungal infections (athlete’s foot, ringworm): fungus grows on skin. Causes itching and redness.

Skin cancer (ABCDE)

  • Basal cell carcinoma: slow growing skin cancer. Usually not deadly.

  • Squamous cell carcinoma: can spread if untreated. Looks like scaly sores.

  • Melanoma: most dangerous. Spreads quickly and can be deadly.

❤ Cardiovascular

  • Atherosclerosis: fat builds in arteries. It blocks blood flow.

  • Hypertension: high blood pressure. Puts strain on heart and vessels.

  • Myocardial infarction (heart attack): blood flow to heart is blocked. Heart muscle begins to die.

  • Anemia: not enough red blood cells. Causes fatigue and weakness.

🫁 Respiratory

  • Pneumonia: infection in lungs. Air sacs fill with fluid.

  • Tuberculosis (TB): bacterial lung disease. Causes coughing and weight loss.

  • Influenza (flu): viral infection. Causes fever, body aches, fatigue.

  • COPD: long-term lung disease. Makes breathing difficult.

    • Asthma: airways narrow. Causes wheezing and shortness of breath.

    • Chronic bronchitis: inflamed airways. Causes constant coughing with mucus.

    • Emphysema: air sacs are damaged. Less oxygen gets into blood.

🦠 Immune / Nervous

  • AIDS: weak immune system caused by HIV. Body can’t fight infections.

  • Lupus: immune system attacks body. Causes inflammation and pain.

  • Mononucleosis (mono): viral infection. Causes fatigue and sore throat.

  • Meningitis: inflammation of brain lining. Can be life-threatening.

  • Epilepsy: repeated seizures. Caused by abnormal brain activity.

  • Concussion: brain injury from impact. Causes confusion and headache.

  • CVA (stroke): blood flow to brain is blocked or bursts. Causes brain damage.

👁 Senses

  • Conjunctivitis (pink eye): eye infection. Causes redness and discharge.

  • Otitis media: middle ear infection. Causes ear pain and fever.

  • Deafness: hearing loss. Can be partial or total.

  • Myopia: nearsighted. Can see close, not far.

  • Hyperopia: farsighted. Can see far, not close.

  • Presbyopia: age-related vision loss. Trouble seeing close objects.

🧪 Endocrine

  • Type 1 diabetes: body doesn’t make insulin. Blood sugar stays high.

  • Type 2 diabetes: body resists insulin. Often linked to lifestyle.

  • Gigantism: too much growth hormone in childhood. Causes extreme height.

  • Dwarfism: too little growth hormone. Causes short stature.

  • Hypothyroidism: thyroid is underactive. Causes weight gain and fatigue.

  • Hyperthyroidism: thyroid is overactive. Causes weight loss and fast heart rate.

🍽 Digestive

  • Crohn’s disease: inflammation in digestive tract. Causes pain and diarrhea.

  • Celiac disease: immune reaction to gluten. Damages intestines.

  • Appendicitis: inflamed appendix. Causes severe abdominal pain.

  • Colon cancer: cancer in large intestine. Can affect digestion and bowel habits.

🚽 Urinary

  • Kidney stones: hard mineral deposits. Causes severe pain when passing.

  • Kidney failure: kidneys stop working. Waste builds up in body.

  • UTI (urinary tract infection): infection in urinary system. Causes burning and frequent urination.

♀ ♂ Reproductive

  • Endometriosis: uterine tissue grows outside uterus. Causes pain.

  • Cervical cancer: cancer of cervix. Often caused by HPV.

  • BPH: enlarged prostate. Makes urination difficult.

  • Testicular cancer: cancer in testes. Usually treatable if caught early.

  • STD/STI: infections spread through sexual contact. Examples: chlamydia, HIV.