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Demonological theory
supernatural explanations of criminality dominated thinking from early history well into the 18th century
Classical theory
contained in the writings of Beccaria and Bentham, these theories assume that criminals are rational actors who weigh the pleasure and pain of an activity
Utillitarianism
a practical philosophical view that claims “we should always act so as to produce the greatest possible ratio of good to evil for all concerned
Hedonism
a pleasure-seeking philosophy
Neoclassical theory
new classical theories that view crime as influenced by criminal opportunities to commit crime
Deterrence theory
the criminal is a rational actor and will be deterred by more severe and certain punishment
Rational Choice theory
offenders weigh the opportunities, costs, and benefits of particular crimes
Retribution
the social counterpart of individual revenge
Deterrence
refers to the belief that perceived punishment will serve as a warning and inhibit individuals and groups from involvement in criminal activity
Incapacitation
the prevention of crime by keeping criminals behind bars for longer periods
Rehabilitation
assumes that the purpose of punishing criminals is to reform or resocialize them to conventional, law-abiding values
Protection
the upholding of social solidarity
If you argue that people commit crime bc they are possessed by the devil, you are using a ___ theory of crime
Demonological
Beccaria argued that the seriousness of a crime is determined by the harm it causes society
true
According to hedonism, we are motivated to act based on our desire to seek ___
pleasure
Rational choice theory proposes that people do not weigh the costs and benefits of their actions before engaging in them
False
Ecological school
criminological theory is also referred to as the statistical, geographic, or cartographic school
Ecology
that branch of biology that deals with interrelationships between organisms and their environment
Statistical
the first to attempt to apply official data and statistics to the problem of explaining criminality
Geographical and cartographic
tended to rely on maps and aerial data in their investigations
Quetelet’s theory
that violent crime increases toward the equator
Economic theory
influenced by the writings of karl marx and views inequality and capitalism as the causes of crime
Proletariat
refers to the working class in marx’s writings
Bourgeoisie
marx’s term for the capitalists or owners of industry
Theory
a plausible explanation of given reality
Note 
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