Muscular System and Range of motion

Different names for skeletal muscles

parallel, convergent, pennate, fusiform, spiral, circular

different forms of attachment

tendons, muscle, bones, origin, insertion

tendons

attach muscle to bone

muscle

moves bones toward or away from each other when contracted

bones

movement directed by muscles

origin

point of attachment that does not move

insertion

point of attachment that does move

what is the agonist/prime mover?

the mover that directly performs the movement

what is the antagonist?

muscles that directly oppose agonist, the muscle that is relaxing/lengthening

what is the synergist?

a muscle that contracts with the prime mover to increase efficiency

what is a fixator muscle?

a muscle that stabilizers movement, joint stabilizers

what is the purpose of the arch of foot?

hold up weight, weight distribution, provides spring while walking, medial, lateral, transverse

What is your thumb joint called?

saddle joint, a biaxal synovial joint

Angular Movements

a change in the size of the angle of the joints

flexion

bones are coming closer together so angle is decreasing, lateral flexion- bringing head to shoulder

extension

bones move farther apart so increase in angle, back to anatomical position

hyperextension

extension beyond anatomical position

Foot: Plantar Flexion

increase in angle between top of foot and from of leg(pointing foot down)

Foot: dorsi flexion

decrease in angle between top of foot and front of leg (pointing foot up)

Foot: Inversion

turning foot inward

foot: Eversion

turning foot outward

Arm: Ulnar flexion

deviation of hand toward ulnar side

Arm: radial flexion

deviation of hand toward radial side

abduction

move body part away from median

adduction

move body part toward median

Circular movement: Rotation

pivoting bone on own axis (shaking head no)

Circular movement: Circumduction

distal end of body part moves in a circle

Circular movement: Supination

turn hand palm side up/thumbs are lateral

Circular movement: pronation

turns hand palm side down/thumbs are medial

What position are your hands, in the anatomical position?

hands are supinated, facing forward or up. if they are turned over than they are pronated

Special Movements

Protraction, retraction: push forward or bring back

Elevation and depression: move body part up and down

Opposition: bringing thumb closer to other fingers