Mabisang Komunikasyon - Aralin 1-3: Models, Language Functions, and Nonverbal Communication

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from Aralin 1-3: models of communication, Halliday’s language functions and varieties, and nonverbal communication.

Aristotelian Model of Communication

A rhetorical process with an orator/speaker, argument, speech, and audience; Aristotle first explained the communication process.

Berlo’s SMCR (S-M-C-R/ S-M-R) Model

A linear model where the message is central; emphasizes understanding among participants (Sender, Message, Channel, Receiver).

Shannon–Weaver Model of Communication

A model showing how communication starts, changes, develops, and ends within a given situation.

Schramm’s Model of Communication

A two-way process where each person’s field of experience affects the reception and interpretation of messages.

Dance Helix Model

A model describing how past experiences influence current communication and how the present shapes future communication.

Dell Hymes SPEAKING Model

A framework for studying language in context (ethnography of communication); focuses on how context affects language use.

Setting and Scene (S in SPEAKING)

Physical place and time of communication; Scene refers to cultural mood or atmosphere (formal/informal).

Participants (P in SPEAKING)

Who takes part in the conversation.

Ends (E in SPEAKING)

Goals and outcomes of the communication.

Act Sequence (A in SPEAKING)

The order or sequence of communicative events.

Key (K in SPEAKING)

The tone, manner, or delivery cues (tone of voice, gestures, expressions).

Instrumentalities (I in SPEAKING)

The channels or modalities of communication (spoken, written, technologies, dialects).

Norms (N in SPEAKING)

Cultural rules and expectations governing communication.

Genre (G in SPEAKING)

Type of discourse (story, sermon, debate, poem, announcement, interview).

Halliday’s Language Functions

Functions of language: Personal, Imaginative, Interpersonal, Informational, Instrumental, Regulatory, Heuristic.

Personal Function

Expression of the speaker’s feelings or stance (emotional or subjective).

Imaginative Function

Aims to stimulate the reader’s or listener’s imagination.

Interpersonal Function

Maintains social relationships and conducts social interaction.

Informational Function

Explains facts, data, and information.

Instrumental Function

Uses language to achieve something or express will (persuasion, requests, commands).

Regulatory Function

Language used to control or regulate others.

Heuristic Function

Language used to explore, discover, and learn; to seek knowledge.

Dialex Dialect (Dayalekto)

Regional language variety used in a specific geographic area.

Sosyolect (Sosyolek)

Language variation based on social groups or communities.

Idiolect (Idyolek)

Individual’s own unique way of using language.

Pidgin

A simplified language that develops as a means of communication between groups with no common language; not a native language.

Creole

A language that originated as a pidgin and became a native language of a community.

Formal Language (Pormal)

Standard variety recognized and used by educated groups; often official or formal in tone.

Pambansa (National Language)

National language used by government and taught in schools.

Pampanitikan / Panretorika (Literary/Oratorical)

Elevated, artistic language used in literature and rhetoric.

Informal Language (Impormal)

Everyday, casual speech used in ordinary conversation.

Provincial Dialect (Lalawiganin)

Regional or province-specific vocabulary and speech patterns.

Colloquial (Kolokyal)

Informal, everyday words used in casual conversation.

Slang (Balbal)

Low-register, informal terms; often cryptic or novel vocabulary.

Verbal Communication (Berbal)

Communication that uses words or written text.

Nonverbal Communication (Di-Berbal)

Communication through body language, gestures, and other cues rather than words.

Kinesics

Study of body movements and gestures in communication.

Tindig (Posture)

Body posture indicating attitudes or feelings.

Pagkumpas (Gestures)

Hand or arm movements that accompany speech.

Pictics (Facial Expressions)

Face movements that convey emotion and meaning.

Oculesics (Eye Movement)

Use of eye contact and gaze to communicate.

Vocalics / Paralanguage

Nonverbal aspects of speech such as tone, pitch, tempo, and volume.

Pandama (Haptics)

Sense of touch as a form of communication.

Proxemics (Proksemika)

Use of space and distance in communication (intimate to public).

Chronemics

Study of how time affects communication, including punctuality and response timing.

Object Language (Bagay/Material Artifacts)

Meaning derived from physical objects and surroundings.

Symbol (Simbolo)

Communication conveyed through symbols, images, or objects.

Color (Kulay)

Colors convey emotional or cultural meaning in communication.