Equilibrium 1

Equilibrium 1

What is rates of reaction?

↳ How quickly the reactants turn into the product

What are the calculations to work out mean rate of reaction?

↳ Quantity of reactant used ÷ time taken

↳ Quantity of product formed ÷time taken

How do you work out change in mass?

↳ Place the reaction mixture on a scale

↳ As the reaction happens the gaseous product is given off therefore the mass of the flask will decrease

↳ Rate (g/s) = change in mass (g) ÷ time taken (s)

How do you work out volume of gas produced

↳ The reaction mixture is connected to a gas syringe

↳ As the reaction continues the gas is collected and pushes the gas syringe

↳ Rate (cm³/s) = volume of gas produced (cm³) ÷ time taken (s)

How do you calulate rate from a graph?

↳ Find change in mass between points given

↳ Find change in time between points given

↳ Rate (g/s) = change in mass (g) ÷ time taken (s)

How do you work out mean rate at a specific time?

↳ Draw a tangent to the curve at that point and calculate the slope

What is collision theory?

↳ For a reaction to occur the reactant particles need to collide

↳ When the particles collide they need to have enough energy to react or they will just bounce apart

↳ The minimum amount of energy needed to collide is the activation energy

How does increasing the temperature affect rate of reaction?

↳ Particles move faster increasting collision frquency

↳ Higher collision energy

How does increasing the concentration affect rate of reaction (liquids only)

↳ Collision frequency increases as there are more reactant particles

How does increasing the pressure affect rate of reaction (gases only)

↳ Less space between partcles so higher collision frquency

How does increasing the surface area affect rate of reaction (solids only)

↳ More reactant particles are exposed so higher collision frequency

What do catalysts do?

↳ Provide a different reaction pathway that has lower activation energy

↳ More particles will collide with enough energy

In an exothermic reaction is the products higher or lower then the reactants

↳ Reactants is higher then products