Microbiology Lecture 2, Taxonomy and Types of Microbes

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23 Terms

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Taxonomy
The classification system of living organisms.
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Prokaryote
Organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles.
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Eukaryote
Organisms that have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
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Carolus Linnaeus
The father of taxonomy who developed a classification system for naming organisms using genus and species.
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Genus
The first part of the scientific name that indicates a group of species.
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Species
The second part of the scientific name that identifies a specific organism in that genus.
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Extremophiles
Organisms that thrive in extreme environmental conditions.
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Halophiles
Organisms that can survive in extremely salty environments.
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Thermophiles
Organisms that thrive in extreme temperatures.
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Methanogens
Prokaryotes that produce methane gas and live in anaerobic conditions.
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Acidophiles
Organisms that can survive in highly acidic environments.
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Alkaliphiles
Organisms that thrive in highly basic or alkaline environments.
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Photosynthetic autotrophs
Organisms that produce their own food using light energy.
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Chemosynthetic autotrophs
Organisms that produce their own energy using chemical reactions, often involving inorganic molecules.
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Heterotrophs
Organisms that obtain their energy by consuming other organic substances.
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Protozoa
Single-celled eukaryotes that exhibit motility and can be heterotrophic or photosynthetic.
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Viruses
Acellular infectious agents that can only reproduce inside a host cell.
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Bacteriophages
Viruses that specifically infect bacteria.
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Multicellular animal parasites
Organisms that are multicellular, live off a host, and may be visible to the naked eye.
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Cellulose
A complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of algae.
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Chitin
A protein that constitutes the cell wall of fungi.
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Did King Philip come over for great soup?
A mnemonic to remember the order of taxonomic categories: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
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Bacteria
A large group of unicellular prokaryotes that are ubiquitous in the environment.